On November 29th, China's first set of flexible DC key equipment developed by the China Electric Power Research Institute passed the factory test and acceptance of the Shanghai Electric Power Company and will be shipped to the site of the Shanghai Nanhui Wind Farm Flexible HVDC Transmission Demonstration Project. Under the background of the accelerating development of new energy sources, the prospects for flexible HVDC transmission are promising.
Dr. He Zhiyuan of the Chinese Academy of Electric Power holds a chart and is ready to introduce the author to the flexible DC transmission.
Strangely enough, this chart does not seem to be related to flexible DC transmission. On the map, a map of China is drawn. The landmarks on the map such as Jiangsu and Gansu are blue, and the words “wind farm†are written; the landmarks such as Zhejiang and Fujian are purple, and they read “island power supplyâ€; the landmarks such as Shanghai and Dalian are written in orange. With "urban power supply."
These are the things that flexible DC transmission can do, said He Zhiyuan. As China's flexible DC transmission technology research and equipment manufacturing bottlenecks have all been broken through, during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the application of flexible HVDC transmission is expected to increase significantly.
Developing New Energy Sources Requires Flexible HVDC Transmission December is an exciting month for all domestic researchers who are studying flexible HVDC transmission technology. One reason is that the construction of the flexible HVDC transmission demonstration project at Shanghai Nanhui Wind Farm is nearing completion, which means that the technology and equipment with independent intellectual property rights will be successfully applied; another reason, and more importantly, is that the “12th Five-Year Plan†new energy The great development will bring "fire" flexible HVDC transmission.
Not long ago, the country identified seven strategic emerging industries, including new energy. This indicates that during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the development of new energy industries such as wind power and solar photovoltaic power generation will receive more policy support such as fiscal and taxation finance, and will usher in an opportunity for accelerating development.
Take wind power as an example. The “China Wind Power Development Report 2010†released on October 13 shows that in 2009, the country’s newly added wind power installed capacity was 13.8 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world, with the second largest cumulative installed capacity in the world; in 2010, every three newly installed wind turbines in the world There is one in China; in the next few years, China's wind power is still likely to develop at a rate of more than 10 million kilowatts per year, and it will reach 90 million to 100 million kilowatts by 2015.
However, new energy power generation often shows instability, decentralization, miniaturization, and remoteness from the load center, which makes the use of general transmission technology networking extremely uneconomical. According to Tang Guangfu, deputy chief engineer of the China Electric Power Research Institute and a direct-current power transmission expert, the bottleneck that restricts the development of new energy is mainly the grid connection problem. Obvious intermittent and uncertainties in wind power and solar power generate harmonic pollution, voltage flicker, etc. , resulting in low power quality, can not guarantee the security of the power grid.
An official from the National Energy Administration stated that the state will focus on solving the bottleneck problem of large-scale wind power bases and other renewable energy bases during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period.
In order to solve the problem of new energy integration, various countries in the world have made various attempts. Tang Guangfu said that nowadays, flexible DC transmission is one of the best ways to ensure access to new energy, and it is the only choice even in many occasions.
There have been successful experiences to prove this. In June 1999, the flexible HVDC project in Gotland, Sweden, was put into operation. The system will send electricity from the Nass Wind Farm to Visby. The experience of engineering operations shows that the parallel operation of flexible HVDC and AC transmission solves three major problems: it weakens the pressure caused by power changes on the AC power grid, makes the AC grid easier to monitor, and reduces the impact of voltage changes on sensitive loads. With the increase of wind power, the voltage quality has been significantly improved; it has achieved flexible and rapid control of power flow and reduced line losses, helping to automate scheduling.
In the typical region of this scenario, flexible DC transmission is widely used in urban power supply, wind power integration, and offshore drilling platform power supply.
What Does Flexible HVDC Power Do? Why Does Flexible HVDC Transmission Solve New Energy Incorporation Problems?
He Zhiyuan believes that the reason is that its controllability is good and its operation mode is flexible. It can reduce system short-circuit capacity and improve power quality. Using flexible HVDC technology, it seems as if an "equivalent capacitance" is added to the transmission line, which can ensure a stable power delivery to some extent.
He Zhiyuan said: “Imagine a large river. Under natural conditions, the flow of water is only affected by the original geographical environment. If a reservoir is built on the river, people can arbitrarily control the flow of downstream water. Flexible DC transmission technology Compared to ordinary DC transmission technology, it is like setting up a reservoir on the riverway to allow people more freedom to control the current size and transmission status of transmission lines."
The most prominent technical feature of flexible DC transmission is the use of fully-controlled power electronics IGBTs. Different from the traditional DC transmission using thyristors, the flexible DC transmission system has the advantages of fast system reaction, good controllability, and flexible operation mode.
Compared with conventional AC and DC power transmission, flexible DC power transmission greatly reduces system short circuit and can also supply power to passive power grids. It solves power outages in large areas and enables long-distance isolated power transmission (such as offshore oil platforms and offshore islands). The effective way. In 2003, a blackout occurred in the northeastern United States. The flexible DC transmission system used in the power grid provided the necessary voltage and frequency support to help the grid system quickly restore power.
In addition, the flexible DC transmission can also improve the power quality of the distribution network and eliminate harmonic pollution, voltage interruption, and waveform flicker in the AC system. Harmonic pollution, voltage waveform flicker, etc., are precisely a problem that wind power and photovoltaic power generation bring to the power grid.
He Zhiyuan said that based on the current research results in China, flexible DC transmission can not only promote the integration of new energy sources, the system itself is also energy-saving and environmentally friendly. The flexible HVDC transmission system does not require filters, and has a high degree of modularity and fewer auxiliary equipment. This greatly shortens the production cycle of the equipment and makes it easier to move, install, commission, and maintain. The system's converter station volume is only 20 percent that of conventional DC. % and can be unattended; the converter station is similar to an ordinary factory building, has no outdoor power distribution unit, and has little impact on the environmental landscape. It can save a large number of corridor lands compared to conventional direct current; the use of underground or submarine cables has little electromagnetic interference. All these make the flexible DC transmission more green, low-carbon and environmentally friendly. Relevant experts estimate that by 2015, the market size of flexible DC transmission projects worldwide will reach more than 100 billion yuan. With the rapid development of new energy and the improvement of environmental protection requirements, China has also demonstrated strong market demand for flexible HVDC transmission technology, and it is expected that the domestic market size will be over 40 billion yuan in the next five years.
Extended reading of flexible HVDC transmission and island power supply, urban power supply flexible HVDC transmission technology is mainly driven by the development of new energy, but its area of ​​play is not limited to new energy and grid. It is understood that in the field of island power supply and urban distribution network power supply, flexible DC transmission also has great potential for application.
Island power supply. With more than 7,000 islands in China, isolated island power supply is of great significance for alleviating the scarcity of land resources and making full use of resources. Flexible HVDC power transmission can convert AC power of different frequencies into DC under the premise of ensuring the stability of power system. It is used to realize the interconnection of two AC systems and effectively limits the short-circuit capacity of the interconnection system through rapid control of its own current. . In addition, since the DC line has advantages in terms of investment, operating costs, long-distance transmission, and so on, in the case of transmission across the sea, the technical and economic indicators are often better than the AC transmission plan.
Dr. He Zhiyuan of the Chinese Academy of Electric Power holds a chart and is ready to introduce the author to the flexible DC transmission.
Strangely enough, this chart does not seem to be related to flexible DC transmission. On the map, a map of China is drawn. The landmarks on the map such as Jiangsu and Gansu are blue, and the words “wind farm†are written; the landmarks such as Zhejiang and Fujian are purple, and they read “island power supplyâ€; the landmarks such as Shanghai and Dalian are written in orange. With "urban power supply."
These are the things that flexible DC transmission can do, said He Zhiyuan. As China's flexible DC transmission technology research and equipment manufacturing bottlenecks have all been broken through, during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the application of flexible HVDC transmission is expected to increase significantly.
Developing New Energy Sources Requires Flexible HVDC Transmission December is an exciting month for all domestic researchers who are studying flexible HVDC transmission technology. One reason is that the construction of the flexible HVDC transmission demonstration project at Shanghai Nanhui Wind Farm is nearing completion, which means that the technology and equipment with independent intellectual property rights will be successfully applied; another reason, and more importantly, is that the “12th Five-Year Plan†new energy The great development will bring "fire" flexible HVDC transmission.
Not long ago, the country identified seven strategic emerging industries, including new energy. This indicates that during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the development of new energy industries such as wind power and solar photovoltaic power generation will receive more policy support such as fiscal and taxation finance, and will usher in an opportunity for accelerating development.
Take wind power as an example. The “China Wind Power Development Report 2010†released on October 13 shows that in 2009, the country’s newly added wind power installed capacity was 13.8 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world, with the second largest cumulative installed capacity in the world; in 2010, every three newly installed wind turbines in the world There is one in China; in the next few years, China's wind power is still likely to develop at a rate of more than 10 million kilowatts per year, and it will reach 90 million to 100 million kilowatts by 2015.
However, new energy power generation often shows instability, decentralization, miniaturization, and remoteness from the load center, which makes the use of general transmission technology networking extremely uneconomical. According to Tang Guangfu, deputy chief engineer of the China Electric Power Research Institute and a direct-current power transmission expert, the bottleneck that restricts the development of new energy is mainly the grid connection problem. Obvious intermittent and uncertainties in wind power and solar power generate harmonic pollution, voltage flicker, etc. , resulting in low power quality, can not guarantee the security of the power grid.
An official from the National Energy Administration stated that the state will focus on solving the bottleneck problem of large-scale wind power bases and other renewable energy bases during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period.
In order to solve the problem of new energy integration, various countries in the world have made various attempts. Tang Guangfu said that nowadays, flexible DC transmission is one of the best ways to ensure access to new energy, and it is the only choice even in many occasions.
There have been successful experiences to prove this. In June 1999, the flexible HVDC project in Gotland, Sweden, was put into operation. The system will send electricity from the Nass Wind Farm to Visby. The experience of engineering operations shows that the parallel operation of flexible HVDC and AC transmission solves three major problems: it weakens the pressure caused by power changes on the AC power grid, makes the AC grid easier to monitor, and reduces the impact of voltage changes on sensitive loads. With the increase of wind power, the voltage quality has been significantly improved; it has achieved flexible and rapid control of power flow and reduced line losses, helping to automate scheduling.
In the typical region of this scenario, flexible DC transmission is widely used in urban power supply, wind power integration, and offshore drilling platform power supply.
What Does Flexible HVDC Power Do? Why Does Flexible HVDC Transmission Solve New Energy Incorporation Problems?
He Zhiyuan believes that the reason is that its controllability is good and its operation mode is flexible. It can reduce system short-circuit capacity and improve power quality. Using flexible HVDC technology, it seems as if an "equivalent capacitance" is added to the transmission line, which can ensure a stable power delivery to some extent.
He Zhiyuan said: “Imagine a large river. Under natural conditions, the flow of water is only affected by the original geographical environment. If a reservoir is built on the river, people can arbitrarily control the flow of downstream water. Flexible DC transmission technology Compared to ordinary DC transmission technology, it is like setting up a reservoir on the riverway to allow people more freedom to control the current size and transmission status of transmission lines."
The most prominent technical feature of flexible DC transmission is the use of fully-controlled power electronics IGBTs. Different from the traditional DC transmission using thyristors, the flexible DC transmission system has the advantages of fast system reaction, good controllability, and flexible operation mode.
Compared with conventional AC and DC power transmission, flexible DC power transmission greatly reduces system short circuit and can also supply power to passive power grids. It solves power outages in large areas and enables long-distance isolated power transmission (such as offshore oil platforms and offshore islands). The effective way. In 2003, a blackout occurred in the northeastern United States. The flexible DC transmission system used in the power grid provided the necessary voltage and frequency support to help the grid system quickly restore power.
In addition, the flexible DC transmission can also improve the power quality of the distribution network and eliminate harmonic pollution, voltage interruption, and waveform flicker in the AC system. Harmonic pollution, voltage waveform flicker, etc., are precisely a problem that wind power and photovoltaic power generation bring to the power grid.
He Zhiyuan said that based on the current research results in China, flexible DC transmission can not only promote the integration of new energy sources, the system itself is also energy-saving and environmentally friendly. The flexible HVDC transmission system does not require filters, and has a high degree of modularity and fewer auxiliary equipment. This greatly shortens the production cycle of the equipment and makes it easier to move, install, commission, and maintain. The system's converter station volume is only 20 percent that of conventional DC. % and can be unattended; the converter station is similar to an ordinary factory building, has no outdoor power distribution unit, and has little impact on the environmental landscape. It can save a large number of corridor lands compared to conventional direct current; the use of underground or submarine cables has little electromagnetic interference. All these make the flexible DC transmission more green, low-carbon and environmentally friendly. Relevant experts estimate that by 2015, the market size of flexible DC transmission projects worldwide will reach more than 100 billion yuan. With the rapid development of new energy and the improvement of environmental protection requirements, China has also demonstrated strong market demand for flexible HVDC transmission technology, and it is expected that the domestic market size will be over 40 billion yuan in the next five years.
Extended reading of flexible HVDC transmission and island power supply, urban power supply flexible HVDC transmission technology is mainly driven by the development of new energy, but its area of ​​play is not limited to new energy and grid. It is understood that in the field of island power supply and urban distribution network power supply, flexible DC transmission also has great potential for application.
Island power supply. With more than 7,000 islands in China, isolated island power supply is of great significance for alleviating the scarcity of land resources and making full use of resources. Flexible HVDC power transmission can convert AC power of different frequencies into DC under the premise of ensuring the stability of power system. It is used to realize the interconnection of two AC systems and effectively limits the short-circuit capacity of the interconnection system through rapid control of its own current. . In addition, since the DC line has advantages in terms of investment, operating costs, long-distance transmission, and so on, in the case of transmission across the sea, the technical and economic indicators are often better than the AC transmission plan.
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