Responding to the data torrent caused by the rise of mobile devices is the original intention of the birth of small base stations, but also as a supplement to macro base station data distribution and coverage vulnerabilities. Telecom operators classify small base stations into four levels, including metro cells, pico cells, micro cells, and femtocells. Looking at it now, only femtocell has been adopted to some extent, and it is mainly used in homes where cellular network signals have a dead end, that is, home applications. For other small base station applications, the industry is still hesitant or wait-and-see.
However, TI believes that this situation will improve with the advent of the LTE era. "TI believes that small cell base stations are only really beginning in the LTE era. On the one hand, LTE brings higher traffic; on the other hand, LTE needs better coverage. Both are driving the demand for small base stations. This is in the United States, South Korea, Japan and other regions already have a good verification. "Brian Glinsman, vice president of Texas Instruments processor business explained, and he predicted that from the perspective of revenue, the application of small base stations will begin gradually in Q4 this year. There are more applications, and by 2015, the small cell market will take off.
Although small base stations can solve data distribution and coverage problems, they also bring about management complexity and ROI issues. In addition, Glinsman introduced that the deployment of small base stations will also face many problems: the need to solve the problem of backhaul (fiber or wireless) To overcome the interference problems; base station power supply problems; installation problems; some places still have government control problems and operators will worry about whether the software and hardware can realize the smooth upgrade and expansion of 3G to LTE.
"These problems faced by small cell deployments are all problems for operators, but operators do not want to bear these problems alone, and hope that OEM systems and chip manufacturers can help solve them." Glinsman explained: "The first is power consumption. Operators hope to be Through Ethernet or PoE transmission, the power consumption of the installation box must be below 25W. The second is to support dual-mode / multi-mode, and it must support both existing and next-generation networks. Third, scalability, operators want system manufacturers The solution can be extended from indoor to outdoor scene applications, meaning that one platform can support different application scenarios and save additional investment. "
The Co-Al Co-doped Barium Titanate
Lead-free Piezoelectric Ceramics was successfully developed by Yuhai company
through repeated experiments. By Researching the influence of Co-Al Co-doping
on the structure and properties of Barium Titanate-based piezoelectric
ceramics, the formulation and preparation technology of Barium Titanate-based
piezoelectric ceramics were optimized. Yuhai`s BaTiO3 was prepared by conventional
solid-phase sintering method, with the piezoelectric constant d33 (>170pC/N),
dielectric loss tgδ≤0.5% and mechanical coupling coefficient Kp≥0.34.
Barium titanate lead-free piezoelectric
ceramics are important basic materials for the development of modern science
and technology, which was widely used in the manufacture of ultrasonic
transducers, underwater acoustic transducers, electroacoustic transducers,
ceramic filters, ceramic transformers, ceramic frequency discriminators, high
voltage generators, infrared detectors, surface acoustic wave devices,
electro-optic devices, ignition and detonation devices, and piezoelectric
gyroscope and so on.
Application: military, ocean, fishery, scientific research,
mine detection, daily life and other fields.
China Patent of Yuhai company`s BaTiO3
Chinese Patent No.: ZL 2011 1
0126758.6
Name: Lead-free Barium Titanate
Piezoelectric Material with Addition of Cobalt and Aluminum
Lead free piezo material BaTiO3
Lead-free Material
Properties
BaTiO3
Dielectric Constant
ɛTr3
1260
Coupling factor
KP
0.34
K31
0.196
K33
0.43
Kt
0.32
Piezoelectric coefficient
d31
10-12m/v
-60
d33
10-12m/v
160
g31
10-3vm/n
-5.4
g33
10-3vm/n
14.3
Frequency coefficients
Np
3180
N1
2280
N3
Nt
2675
Elastic compliance coefficient
Se11
10-12m2/n
8.4
Machanical quality factor
Qm
1200
Dielectric loss factor
Tg δ
%
0.5
Density
Ï
g/cm3
5.6
Curie Temperature
Tc
°C
115
Young's modulus
YE11
<109N/m3
119
Poison Ratio
0.33
Lead Free Piezoelectric Elements
Piezo Element,Piezo Ceramic Elements,Piezoelectric Ceramic,Pzt Tubes
Zibo Yuhai Electronic Ceramic Co., Ltd. , https://www.yhpiezo.com