What is a microcontroller? A single-chip microcomputer can be simply understood as a microcomputer integrated on a single chip, and also has an arithmetic unit, a controller, a memory, a bus, and an input/output device. The use of the single-chip microcomputer is also a stored program execution method. The programming of the single-chip microcomputer is one of the ROM writing programs. After the power is turned on, the programs in the ROM are executed one by one like the programs in the computer memory.
The microcontroller has a strong interface performance and is very suitable for industrial control. Therefore, it is also called a microcontroller (MCU).
What is an FPGA? FPGA is a chip with a lower level of manipulation and therefore greater freedom. After programming, the FPGA is converted into a wiring table in the FPGA. This is equivalent to a large number of NAND gates, NOR gates, and triggers in the FPGA. Basic digital devices, such as NAND gates, can be programmed to determine how many devices are used and the connections between them. As long as the FPGA is large enough, these digital devices can theoretically form all digital systems, including microcontrollers and even CPUs.
The FPGA appears as a kind of semi-custom circuit in the application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) field, which not only solves the deficiency of the custom circuit, but also overcomes the shortcomings of the limited number of original programmable devices.
The advantages of FPGAs are threefold:1) Communication high-speed interface design. FPGA can be used for high-speed signal processing. Generally, if the AD sampling rate is high and the data rate is high, the FPGA is required to process the data.
For example, the data is decimate filtered and the data rate is reduced so that the signal can be easily processed, transmitted, and stored.
2) Digital signal processing. Including image processing, radar signal processing, medical signal processing. The advantage is good real-time performance, changing speed with area, much faster than CPU.
3) Greater degree of parallelism. This is mainly achieved through both concurrent and streaming technologies. Concurrency refers to the repeated allocation of computing resources so that multiple modules can perform calculations independently at the same time.
Concurrency of FPGAs can be performed between different logic functions, not limited to performing the same function at the same time. Streaming is achieved by segmenting tasks and executing them at the same time. In fact, this is similar to the CPU, except that the CPU is running between instructions and the FPGA is running between tasks or we can say that it is between threads.
Taking advantage of hardware parallelism, FPGAs break the sequential execution model and complete more processing tasks in each clock cycle, exceeding the computing power of digital signal processors (DSPs).
In general, the difference between FPGA and DSP is mainly the difference of processing data rate:
DSP is suitable for lower sampling rate, low data rate, multi-condition operation, complex multi-algorithm tasks, programming in C language, and floating point system. Suitable for multi-conditional processes, especially complex multi-algorithm tasks at lower sampling rates.
FPAG is suitable for system high-speed sampling rate, high data rate, block diagram programming, fixed or duplicate processing tasks, and using fixed point. ), suitable for high-speed sampling frequency, especially when the task is relatively fixed or repeated, as well as prototypes for prototyping and system development.
The commonly used software radio platform is the use of FPGA + DSP + ARM structure, FPGA mainly for high-speed data preprocessing, reduce the data rate, and then send the data to the DSP, to implement a complex algorithm, ARM is mainly used for display control .
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