Why is it called "big data"?
Large volume of data (VOLUMES)
Refers to large data sets, usually around 10TB. However, in practical applications, many enterprise users put together multiple data sets and have formed a PB-level data volume. Future smart home field, there are many such enterprises, the magnitude of the current sum of the data of the intelligent home field has reached more than 100TB, the scale of unstructured data is growing at a faster pace.
Data category large (variety)
Data comes from a variety of data sources, and the variety of data types and formats has broken through the previously defined structured data categories, including semi-structured and unstructured data. That is to say, the most important change in big data is that the processing object is extended from structured data to semi-structured and unstructured data. The total amount of unstructured data storage is 10 to 50 times higher than the growth rate of structured data.
Unstructured data can be viewed as all data that cannot be easily transformed into a structured relational database, unstructured data such as corporate emails and other forms of electronic communication records; information on the website, including clicks and social media related Content; there are also data generated by the device, such as RFID, GPS\sensor generated data, log files, and so on.
Fast data processing (Velocity)
In the case of a very large amount of data, real-time processing of data can also be achieved.
High data authenticity (Veracity)
With the rise of new data sources such as social data, enterprise content, transaction and application data, the limitations of traditional data sources have been broken, and companies increasingly need effective information to ensure their authenticity and security.
Tips
TB is a unit of computer storage capacity that is equal to 2 to the 40th power, or close to 1 trillion bytes, or one thousand gigabytes.
PB is the unit of data storage capacity, which is equal to 2 to 50 power bytes, or approximately equal to 1000 TB in value.
The data unit is from small to large: B.KB.MB.GB.TB.PB. 1PB = 1024TB, and so on.
TB and PB are still difficult to understand. Let's take some examples.
The Library of Congress collected a total of 235 terabytes of data by April 2011.
Assuming that the encoding speed of the MP3 player is 1MB per minute and the average duration of one song is 4 minutes, 1PB songs can be played continuously for 2000 years.
If the average size of the photos taken by the smartphone camera is 3MB and the average size of the printed photos is 8.5 inches, the total length of the 1PB photos is 48,000 miles side by side, which can be around 2 weeks around the globe.
The capacity of human functional memory is expected to be 1.25 TB. This means that 800 human memory is equivalent to 1 PB. 1PB is enough to store the DNA of the entire US population, and can be cloned twice.
If you count the number of bits contained in 1PB at a rate of 1 bit per second, then one needs 285 million years to count. If it is 1 byte per second, then a person needs 3.57 million years.
Google provides users with more than 20 PB (21.5 billion MB) of map images - including satellite images, aerial photos and 360-degree streetscape images.
Even in 2008, Google processed data at 20PB per day, which is 7300PB a year.
Social media sites have long started generating PB-level data, and Facebook has stored 100 petabytes of data by 2012.
The universe will generate 1376 PB of data per day, which is equivalent to twice the global Internet traffic transmitted every day.
Big data challenges:
to sum up:
The data itself is an asset, and all the attributes of big data, including quantity, speed, and diversity, reflect the growing complexity of the database.
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