The purpose of the embedded system is to provide a complex digital system that is easy to develop with the confidence of multitasking and networking. From the perspective of digital technology and information technology, embedded systems have become the basic technology for modern information network technology applications, and have become the basic technology in the field of modern industrial control.
The use of embedded system technology can not only achieve the optimization and integration of hardware and software, but more importantly, it provides the basic tools for using "digital gene technology". From the perspective of the development of computer and information network technology, embedded systems mark the arrival of the networked computer era, and indicate that computer applications have entered a new stage of development of "universal elements" and "digital genes". Therefore, embedded systems It is a milestone in computer applications.
This article will discuss the basic technical characteristics of the DSP core embedded system or chip, as well as the application technical characteristics of this embedded system.
The embedded system is actually an integrated computer system. With the development of information technology, the application field also proposes networked functions for embedded systems, which promotes the development of embedded systems in the direction of higher integration.
The development of embedded systems is mainly reflected in the advancement of chip technology, as well as the advancement of algorithms and software under the constraints of chip technology. For an embedded system, the core is a computer system with data processing and system management capabilities. Therefore, any device with a processor system as the core can form an embedded system. This means that using DSP devices with powerful data processing functions can also form an embedded system, and can give full play to the advantages of DSP devices in data processing, and improve the real-time operating characteristics of the embedded system.
The so-called DSP embedded system is actually a general system that embeds the DSP system into the application electronic system. This system has all the technical characteristics of a DSP system, and also has the technical characteristics required by the application target. The DSP embedded system is no longer a dedicated DSP system, but a complete computer system with multitasking and real-time operating system. Based on this computer system, the application system required by the user can be easily developed.
DSP device featuresDSP device is a kind of microprocessor especially suitable for digital signal processing operation. Its main application is to realize various digital signal algorithm processing quickly in real time. Divided by data format, DSP devices can be divided into fixed-point and floating-point.
DSP chip has the following main technical characteristics:
1) The hardware adopts a multi-bus Harvard (Harvard) structure, which improves the data processing capacity and speed.
2) Instruction execution adopts pipeline operation, which has a high instruction execution speed.
3) The independent hardware multiplier/adder (MAC) is adopted, which greatly improves the data processing speed.
4) Special instructions such as circular addressing and bit-reversed are set, and there is a real-time system that is in the process of realizing high robustness.
5) There is an independent DMA bus controller inside, through one or more groups of independent DMA buses in the DSP device, program execution and data transmission can be implemented in parallel. At present, the on-chip DMA speed has reached more than 1600Mbyte/s without affecting the operation of the CPU.
6) Provides a multi-processor interface, which can easily realize the parallel or serial work of multiple processors, which not only improves the data processing speed, but also provides a technical basis for the use of embedded subsystems to realize large and complex embedded systems.
7) Provides JTAG (Joint Test Action Group) standard test interface (IEEE 1149 standard interface), which is convenient for DSP to perform on-chip debugging under simulation and multi-DSP conditions.
Due to the above-mentioned technical characteristics of DSP devices, the DSP system with DSP devices as the core has the following main technical characteristics:
1) Fast data processing speed and good programmable real-time characteristics.
2) The hardware and software interface is convenient, and it can be easily compatible with other digital systems or equipment.
3) The development is convenient, and the characteristics and application goals of the system can be modified and upgraded flexibly through software.
4) It has good system robustness, is less affected by ambient temperature and noise, and has high reliability.
5) It is easy to achieve system integration or use SOC technology, which can provide a high degree of standardization.
Basic hardware structure of embedded system with DSP device as the coreThe network communication interface not only provides hard support for network communication of DSP embedded systems, but also provides technical conditions for developing embedded systems through the network. In the DSP embedded system, the network interface plays a very important role. At the same time, due to the development of modern network technology, the network interface in the embedded system must be able to meet the requirements of different development systems, so in addition to including IEEE1394-2 (USB Firewire) In addition, it should also include traditional RS232 and IEEE488 interfaces, as well as Ethernet interfaces and corresponding TCP/IP protocols.
If the user application circuit is not considered, the DSP embedded system can form an independent general high-speed data processing system. This high-speed data processing system not only has the characteristics of data processing, programmable development and multi-DSP parallel applications, but also has a powerful network Function, can fully meet the technical requirements of the information network.
If the resources of the DSP embedded system cannot meet the system requirements, it can be solved by adding an additional DSP system or adding a complete DSP embedded system without major changes in the system structure.
Application characteristics of DSP embedded systemThe most important technical feature of the DSP embedded system is that it has a fairly powerful data processing function. From the perspective of modern information technology, the purpose of embedding DSP in the system is to enhance the information processing capability of the system. Therefore, DSP embedded system and microprocessor embedded system are very different in application characteristics.
Parallel operation
In order to improve the system's data and information processing capabilities, DSP embedded systems can provide many important data processing algorithms, one of which is the parallel algorithm. The parallel algorithm here includes the concepts of software and hardware. From a software perspective, in embedded systems using microprocessors, the implementation of parallel algorithms is often more complicated. For DSP embedded systems, due to the Harvard structure, floating point operations, and parallel multiplication and addition used in DSP devices in the system Operation, so it is relatively easy to implement parallel algorithms and software programming for parallel system operations. From a hardware perspective, the multi-bus structure of DSP devices, on-chip DMA circuits and local buses provide hardware support for parallel algorithms and parallel operations.
Direct terminal operation
An important purpose of using embedded systems is to use simple methods and technologies to implement complex systems. Relying on the powerful data and information processing functions of DSP, it has the ability to directly process terminal signals and information. Therefore, in the DSP embedded system, the direct operation of the terminal can be realized. For example, in Figure 2, you can directly use the DSP system to process the analog signal measured by a PLC, or directly process the control information carried by a group of logic signals collected by the PLC. This can greatly reduce the requirements for PLC, that is, make full use of DSP embedded system resources, improve the performance and technical indicators of the system, and reduce the overall cost of the system.
Large data traffic
Due to the high level of integration, while simplifying the complexity of the terminal circuit, it also brings about the problem of large data traffic. For example, if a terminal needs to be subjected to more complicated filtering, information extraction and identification, the terminal equipment is only used for data collection. The function is enough, and the data flow at this time will be much larger than the data flow needed to complete the setup and transfer the system operation commands. If there are several such terminals in the system, the data processing flow will be much larger than the processing capacity of the DPS system. Therefore, DSP embedded systems are generally used, and care must be taken not to increase the data flow, but to make full use of the data processing capabilities of the DSP to strengthen the management, operation and remote communication functions of the system. In addition, inexpensive DSP devices can also be used to form low-cost DSP embedded systems, making information processing a basic function of network terminals, thereby forming embedded system units with information processing capabilities, and then using these intelligent units to form complex intelligence The internet.
Concluding remarksEmbedded systems have been integrated with SOC technology and have become the foundation of a new generation of information technology. Embedded systems can use microprocessors, single-chip microcomputers or DSPs. Among them, DSP embedded systems not only have the advantages and technical characteristics of other microprocessors and single-chip embedded systems, but also can use parallel algorithm operations and have high-speed digital signal processing. Ability provides strong support for realizing the real-time performance of the system.
Compared with traditional single-chip computer systems (ie, single-board computers, PCs, etc.), embedded systems are more conducive to network applications and intelligent system applications. Because embedded systems can implement single-chip microcomputers, embedded systems can be used in almost any one. Kind of digital system applications. Embedded systems, especially DSP single-chip microcomputer systems, have become an important pillar of modern electronic technology, computer technology and information network technology.
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