[Subsidy policy is coming to an end, and the subsidy of new energy vehicles will be reviewed again] China has become the world's largest market for new energy vehicles. This achievement is inseparable from the support of national policies. According to statistics, in 2017 alone, the state introduced more than 40 policies related to new energy vehicles. Among the many policies related to new energy vehicles, the longest and most far-reaching impact is the new energy vehicle subsidy policy.
Since the publication of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Private Subsidy for New Energy Vehicle Pilot Financial Subsidy Funds in 2010, the subsidy policy for new energy vehicles in China has been implemented for eight years, which is a powerful boost for the development of the industry, and it has inevitably triggered some enthusiasm both inside and outside the industry. Concerns.
Today, the subsidy policy has reached a limit and it will be fully withdrawn by 2020. At this point, how should we view the role of subsidies for new energy vehicles in the past eight years? In the next year and a half, how should policies continue? What experience and lessons can subsidy policies provide for the formulation of future automobile industry policies? Wang Binggang, head of the National New Energy Automobile Innovation Engineering Experts Group, said in an interview with a reporter from China Auto News: “On the one hand, the new energy vehicle subsidy policy has provided important support for the entry of new energy automotive products into the private car sector; on the other hand, There are also some deficiencies and deficiencies in the formulation and implementation of policies. However, overall, the subsidy policy for new energy vehicles is 'greater than excessive' and has played a more positive role in the development of new energy vehicles in China.
The guiding role of the policy from scratch
From 2010 till now, the new energy automobile industry has experienced a development history from scratch, and the promotion and influence of subsidy policies have contributed to it. When talking about the role of the subsidy policy, Zhang Chengbin, director of the Research and Consulting Department of the 100-person Electric Vehicles Association of China, fully affirmed.
Today, the reporter clearly remembers that, in 2010, a reporter from China Auto Daily visited a Hangzhou Haitong sales service shop and consulted on the purchase of an electric car. The answer was: "I haven't heard of it. You got it wrong, we only sell it here. Gasoline vehicles.†Even when this was the case, Hangzhou was one of the five cities where private subsidies for new energy vehicles were piloted, and charging infrastructure construction started earlier.
At that time, people would not have thought that under the stimulus and promotion of subsidy policies, the 4S shop sales manager in Hangzhou thought that “new energy vehicles with at least 5 years of market prospects will not be too goodâ€, and by 2015, domestic The sales volume has surpassed 330,000 units, an increase of 3.4 times year-on-year. It surpassed the United States for the first time, becoming the world's number one, and it has maintained so far.
In fact, in the initial phase of the subsidy policy for new energy vehicles, the guiding role and significance of the policy is greater than others. At that time, the market reaction was relatively cool, and there were mostly wait-and-see operators. However, the most direct effect of the policy was to create an atmosphere of public opinion conducive to the development of new energy vehicles and send a clear positive signal, especially for auto companies.
“Continued advancement of new energy vehicle subsidy policies has provided automotive companies with a 'minding pill.'†Li Qingwen, head of the Automotive Evaluation Institute, believes that “In the initial stage of new energy automotive products at high input and low yield, the subsidy policy has increased the number of companies. The enthusiasm for investing in R&D capital and labor costs has become one of the powerful levers for industrial startup.â€
It is undeniable that, initially, due to the narrow scope and narrow scope of the subsidy policy, the subsidy policy has not exerted the expected strong driving effect on the purchase of private consumption, but due to policy orientation, the company has increased its research and development efforts, and its actual product performance and function. A substantial increase, which laid an important and solid foundation for the subsequent outbreak of private energy consumer auto market.
From late to early sales volume increased from less than 10,000 vehicles to one million vehicles
According to the data, in 2011, the sales volume of new energy automobile market in the United States was 17,735, and that of China was 8,159. In 2012, the gap further expanded. The number of new energy vehicles sold in the Chinese market was 12,791, and the US market soared to 52,835. Four times as many markets; but by 2015, China’s total sales of new energy vehicles exceeded 330,000 units, while that of the US market was 120,000 units; in 2017, annual sales of new energy vehicles in China exceeded 770,000 units. It is expected to reach 1 million vehicles, while the US New Energy Vehicle will sell only 470,000 vehicles.
Behind the first is the encouragement and support of the new energy vehicle subsidy policy. In the view of Zhang Chengbin, the promotion of relevant policies not only prompts China to become the world's largest new energy vehicle market, but also helps independent brands in the domestic new energy automotive market. Obtained first-mover advantage. At the same time, however, it also triggered a large-scale "cheat compensation" problem in China.
“A huge amount of subsidies has objectively stimulated the “coverle†behavior of auto companies. The relevant departments are accustomed to adopting general inspections, penalties, and circular criticisms, and have failed to take measures against the specific nature of “defraying†by new energy auto companies. Effective measures to deal with both symptoms and problems," said an expert who did not want to be named, the formulation of rules for subsidy objects, standards and conditions, and lack of sufficient openness in the procedure. In the absence of hearing beforehand, and soliciting procedures for industry associations, enterprises, and public opinions, similar procedures have not been set up for the actual effects of subsidies, adjustment methods, and timing and other important issues, resulting in difficulty in forming social consensus in the subsidy rules and the phenomenon of fraudulent supplementation. The problem also caused the community to question the necessity of subsidies.
In addition, Li Qingwen pointed out that there are also deficiencies in the continuity and stability of the subsidy policy. Prior to the release of the "Notice Concerning Continuing the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles" on September 17, 2013, New Energy Vehicles experienced a "policy window period" of more than nine months, and vehicle companies "see through autumn" and even Once it was lost to the point where "there is no single sign and there is no money to earn".
"Policy development cannot be 'predictable' and should have certain continuity and stability." Li Qingwen believes that "the tangible hand can certainly play a powerful role in promoting, but when changes and adjustments occur, the impact on the market and enterprises is also huge. , it will not only lead to a waste of R&D investment and time cost, but will also be detrimental to the long-term stable development of auto companies."
The scientific nature of policies that change from big to big is crucial
By 2020, China's new energy vehicle subsidy policy will be completely withdrawn, and in the course of a year and a half, it is clearly not possible to make further adjustments to the subsidy policy. However, as one of the longest and largest policies in the history of the automotive industry in China, the issues exposed during the implementation period are important warnings for the formulation of other relevant policies in the future, and provide reference and basis for their formulation and implementation.
First of all, on the way of funding subsidies. The above experts suggested that, given that the current funding subsidy has achieved a great promotion effect, in the future, it may seek ways other than financial subsidies, such as tax deductions, government procurement, and directional rate-cutting loans to increase R&D expenses. Relationships are less shocking. In this regard, Li Qingwen also believes: “For the policy makers, the complexity of the auto market may be difficult to see. To prevent the recurrence of such problems as “cheat compensation,†industrial policies should avoid direct intervention and use indirect interventions, such as It is safer to reduce the taxation of related companies."
Second, regarding the subsidy rules. The above experts stated that subsidies should be performance- and technology-oriented, avoiding selectivity and tilting in the determination of subsidies, subsidies, standards, scopes, and conditions; democracy must be integrated into the process of formulating subsidy rules such as arguments, hearings, and solicitation of opinions. Factors, and to ensure the authority of the review of the main body, the current internal government-based review of the lack of extensiveness and openness, should strengthen the NPC review and judicial review.
“Instead of using the product’s battery capacity, driving range, etc. as a measure of the subsidy, it is better to choose external indicators, such as environmental constraints. Taking the actual energy-saving emission reduction effect as a criterion for subsidy is not only more transparent, but also more fair. "Zhang Chengbin believes that, based on the difficulty of anticipating the expansion of industrial scale, the total amount of subsidy funds should be set. In particular, for the local government, the subsidy policy for new energy vehicles is a huge amount of financial expenditure, which is one of the important reasons leading to the delay in the subsidy payment in the recent period.
Third, new energy vehicle subsidies such policies can be included in major administrative decisions. At the two sessions of the National Committee this year, the Central Committee of Agriculture and Industry proposed that it must strictly implement the corresponding decision-making procedures and implement specific rules such as decision-making motions, decision-making, public participation, expert argumentation, risk assessment, legitimacy review, and collective discussion; The allocation, use, and supervision should be carried out in strict accordance with the provisions of China's "Budget Law." For the formulation of subsidy rules and the use of subsidy funds, the role of the People's Congress oversight should be strengthened.
At present, China is moving from a big automobile country to a powerful automobile country. In this process, the development of the automobile industry requires the support and encouragement of relevant policies. “The policy should be stable, rigorous, scientific, and reasonable in the process of formulation and implementation. While establishing the authority of the relevant departments, it is also more conducive to the development of long-term strategies for the enterprises. Only the full play of the government’s social management functions. In order to better guide the healthy development of the industry," Li Qingwen said.
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