You may not have heard of the name Nakamura Shuji, but you must have seen the colorful LED lighting , from the super-large screen TV wall to the color screen mobile phone, all related to this name.
"High-brightness blue LED" is called a great invention of the 20th century. The inventor is the Japanese scientist Nakamura Shuji. With it, a combination of red and green LEDs will result in a full-color LED screen and a new generation of energy-efficient lighting that can replace incandescent and fluorescent lamps.
First bad impression
In 1979, Nakamura Shuji entered the Nichia Chemical Industry Corporation after graduating from the Graduate School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Tokushima, Japan. At the time, this was a local company with no fame.
Like all the university graduates who have just graduated today, Nakamura certainly wants to work in a big city like Tokyo or Osaka and enter a big company like Kyocera. In fact, he also went to Kyoto-based Kyocera to interview and passed a rigorous exam, but he gave up the opportunity.
Because he has children. If the university is not finished, it will marry and have children. If you have children, you will not care about your career. At that time, no one could afford this young man with no ambition.
Although she was psychologically prepared, Nakamura was quite surprised when she entered the company. In the 200-person chemical company, there is a pungent smell of hydrogen sulfide everywhere. Popularly, it is the smell of rotten eggs. "How is this company so dirty!" This is the first bad impression that Nichia has left for Nakamura, but it is not the last one.
Success does not mean getting affirmation
After entering Nichia, Nakamura was assigned to the development class. A small head of department with two developers and several assistants, the office space was transformed from a roofed parking lot, very simple. Development topics, no budget, no equipment to buy, and no expensive parts.
The test requires the use of expensive quartz tubes, which cannot be thrown away when used up, at least not in Japan. Therefore, Nakamura's task is to re-weld the cut quartz tube for reuse. So, he began to weld the quartz tube day after day. “Is it a job to be a welder when I enter the company?†Nakamura asked himself more than once.
The most troublesome thing is that accidents occur frequently. The quartz tube is heated at a high temperature, and the pressure rises, and the quartz tube is broken as long as there is little damage at the welded portion. Whenever a huge sound spreads throughout the company, employees will quickly leave and ridicule: "It is Nakamura."
In 1983, Nakamura successfully developed a GaAs polycrystalline technology capable of forming products. Subsequently, the development of GaAs single crystals was also completed.
For this study, Nakamura later scored 100 points for himself. Everything from manufacturing to testing is done by yourself. But success does not mean getting affirmation. More than everyone who entered the company afterwards, they have been promoted one by one, but they are all the same for a few years, and the lonely Zhongcun is born to care.
He became a "freak"
To make a blue light-emitting diode, it is necessary to start with a single crystal film for a blue light-emitting diode.
There are two experimental methods. One is called the MBE method, and the other is called the MOCVD method. Nakamura did not hesitate to choose the MOCVD method. The reason is very simple. The price of the MBE device is hundreds of millions of yen, and it is impossible for the company to purchase it for him.
In order to learn technology, he proposed to study in the United States. The company agreed to the expectation of a huge market in the future.
Although he did not gain much in the United States in a year, after returning, the president looked at him differently. The company assigned him two assistants to start manufacturing the device. Together with all the inputs, the company has spent hundreds of millions of yen. This is a big investment!
Good luck began to fall on his head, but the pressure came along.
Nakamura chose gallium nitride (GaN) as a luminescent material for blue light-emitting diodes. In principle, several materials can achieve blue light. Among them, gallium nitride is the most indifferent. But just because "other people did not adopt", Nakamura decided his choice.
After the test began, he quickly understood that this material was unwelcome for a reason – gallium nitride film formation was very difficult.
The raw material gas for producing gallium nitride, NH3, is corrosive, and no heater is resistant to high temperatures and corrosion. Therefore, the heater is quickly corroded and the film cannot grow. Nakamura is very depressed.
In the morning, I came to the company, opened the device, and the heater was burned out; then the afternoon work was to renovate and repair the equipment. He went to work the first time in the morning and got off work at 6 pm. Repeat this monotonous day without end.
Nakamura’s words became less and less, the phone did not pick up, and the people around him began to treat him as a weirdo. One of the two new employees at the beginning of the year resigned because of "the hope of not seeing success at all."
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