With the improvement of the awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection by the government and the public, and the advancement of LED technology for lighting, LEDs are increasingly being used in general lighting applications, including landscape lighting, traffic lights, interior lighting, miner's lamps, beacon lights, and automobiles. Use LED lighting and indoor LED decorative lights.
For example, there are more than 20 billion lighting fixtures using incandescent, halogen, and fluorescent lamps worldwide. Many of these lighting fixtures are used to provide directional illumination, but current sources are omnidirectional and have low light efficiency. In the case of household spotlights, conventional spotlights typically have only 50% light use efficiency without a reflector. LED luminaires provide high-efficiency directional illumination with a lifetime of up to 50,000 hours.
According to the High-tech LED Industry Research Institute (GLII), the global demand for LEDs for lighting will increase by 15% in 2010. By 2012, the global LED market share will reach 2 billion US dollars, an average annual increase of 18%. LED spotlights, high-power LED bulbs and other lighting and landscape lighting will be the main market for power LEDs for lighting. In 2015, LED's market share in China's lighting market will reach 20%, driving the related industry to reach 500 billion yuan, and China will enter the top three in the global LED lighting market.
China currently has a mature LED supply chain for lighting, including epitaxial wafers and LED chips and packaging, with a focus on medium and large LCD backlighting, LED road lighting and home lighting applications. GLII estimates that about 30% of China's LED chips are locally produced in 2010, and five years ago, LED chips were almost entirely imported.
In 2009, the world, especially China, has been actively promoting high-power LEDs for lighting. The output of high-power, high-brightness LEDs has steadily increased, although the share of high-power LED production is still small. However, the average cost of LED chips is reduced by 20-30% per year, and the brightness is increased by 10 times. With the development of LED chip technology and the accelerated speed of mass production, prices are expected to continue to fall. Therefore, GLII expects the price of LED chip unit lumens to be lowered by 10-20% by 2011. All types of LEDs, including high power LEDs, will be reduced in price.
The mid-size and large-size backlight market that has been erupted since 2009 has made the price gap between LED and CCFL backlight units gradually narrow. The price of LED backlight unit is three times that of CCFL in 2007, and it is only 1.5 times that of CCFL at the end of 2009. Therefore, the LED backlight unit will occupy a large number of traditional CCFL markets in 2010. In view of the cost reduction of key components, LED manufacturers hope that high-power LEDs can occupy mainstream applications in two or three years and become the dominant lighting technology.
By 2010, there are more than one hundred manufacturers of power LEDs for lighting production in China, and the quality of high-power LEDs produced by them are also different. Domestically, they mainly use Guoxing Optoelectronics, Jiuzhou Optoelectronics, Ruifeng Optoelectronics, Quantum Optoelectronics, and Shanxi Guangyu. The LEDs for lighting produced by Zhongzhou Optoelectronics and other manufacturers represent the highest quality level of domestic devices. According to the statistics of CSA of National Semiconductor Lighting Industry Alliance, Guoxing Optoelectronics, Jiuzhou Optoelectronics and Ruifeng Photoelectricity ranked the top three in the market for LED lighting in 2009. Among them, Ruifeng Optoelectronics ranked first in the Shenzhen market. Guoxing Optoelectronics pioneered the international high-power LED device structure based on PCB, and realized innovation in substrate materials and production processes. At the end of 2009, Guoxing Optoelectronics set up the LED lighting division, and began to engage in research and development and production of LED application products such as LED lamps and light source modules, and officially involved in the downstream of the industry; Jiuzhou Optoelectronics Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Sichuan Jiuzhou Electric Group, Jiuzhou Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. In 2004, it entered the packaging industry, and in 2007, it expanded its high-power lighting business through mergers and acquisitions. Including 100 lumens per watt of high-power LED research and development, LED streetlight core technology and research and industrialization of rail car and marine LED lighting products. At present, it has applied for more than 90 patents including invention patents; Ruifeng Optoelectronics is the only one among the top three domestic enterprises to focus on LED device packaging for lighting, focusing on core technology research and development, and many universities and colleges in the Mainland and Konka. The Group has established technical cooperation in the development of eutectic technology, secondary optics, high thermal conductivity materials, surface roughening technology (currently can increase the light extraction efficiency of the overall product by more than 30%), and the color rendering index of the product (currently up to 95) Above, this far exceeds the standard of 80), the light point point source, silica gel molding, ceramic product development and other technical aspects are at the domestic leading level. Ruifeng Optoelectronics has become a mainstream supplier of optoelectronic devices in the fields of automotive instrumentation, car audio, car DVD, medium and large size LCD backlight, mobile phone, indoor lighting and decorative lighting. The LED output of these manufacturers occupies more than 60% of the domestic market, and the average gross profit margin of the products is around 30%. At present, these domestic enterprises can be compared with the world's first-tier manufacturers in terms of packaging technology. Therefore, compared with imported devices, domestic packaged lighting power LED devices have great comparative advantages, and the price is also in line with Taiwan products.
At present, foreign manufacturers mainly use Cree and LumiLEDs to represent the highest quality high-power LEDs on the market. Cree's products are of various types, high-power LEDs of various specifications are relatively complete, and because of the large output, the supply is relatively stable. The mainstream of high-power LED. At present, CREE and LUMILEDS basically occupy more than 90% of the global high-power LED high-end market.
The high-power LEDs produced in Taiwan account for most of the mid-range products in the market. Because Taiwan's high-power LEDs are cost-effective, they account for most of the mid-range products. The price of 1W white LEDs (light flux 70-90ml) ranges from 10 yuan to 15 yuan.
The development of high-power LEDs has always been the main goal of lighting applications. Although it is generally believed that LEDs have a certain threshold in the field of general lighting, with the rapid development of landscape lighting, LCD backlight applications and functional lighting applications such as miner's lamps and street lamps, Power white LEDs are still growing at a very fast pace in terms of technical specifications and expansion of application scale. GLII expects the development of high-power LEDs to remain above 50% in the next few years.
According to the LED lighting cost analysis conducted by the National Laboratory of San Diego, the investment cost is to allocate the cost of purchasing a bulb (per mega lumen) to the entire life cycle. The operating cost refers to the cost of a bulb during operation (per mega lumen). When the cost of ownership is the sum of investment costs and operating costs, it reflects the total cost of a bulb from the time of purchase, operation to the end of its life. The development goal of LED lighting technology is: the luminous efficiency will be increased from 25 lumens per watt in 2002 to 75 lumens per watt in 2007, 150 lumens per watt in 2010 and 200 lumens per watt in 2020. The 2002 $200/thousand lumens was reduced to $20/thousand lumens in 2007, $5/thousand lumens in 2010, and $2/thousand lumens in 2020.
With the expansion of the application field and market scale, the development characteristics and trends of high-power LEDs are gradually changing, showing some new industrial features:
Mainstream product LED prices are gradually decreasing
At present, the market price of 1W white LED products with 70-90ml luminous flux produced by Cree is basically maintained at around RMB 17 yuan. The price of LumiLEDs of the same type is around RMB 19-21. The price of Taiwan 1W white LED (light flux 70-80ml) From 10 yuan to 15 yuan, domestic high-power LEDs with imported chip packages are in line with Taiwanese products. The domestically produced high-power LEDs (50-60ml) are basically at around 5.50 yuan.
At present, manufacturers capable of supplying large quantities of white LED power devices in large quantities are still limited to Ruifeng Optoelectronics, Guoxing Optoelectronics, Guangzhou Hongli, and Taiwan Yiguang, Lite-On and other manufacturers, along with the rapid growth of power white LED applications and their continuous light efficiency. Ascending, it is expected that the price of its single LED will gradually decrease.
Cost and heat dissipation are still the biggest obstacles to replacing traditional lighting with LEDs
Lighting is the most attractive application area for LEDs, and cost issues are critical to replacing traditional lighting with LEDs. Although the price of LEDs is not as high as that of traditional lamps, and the cost of replacement and maintenance for later use can be saved, the initial cost is often directly subject to the purchase budget. Philips believes that the main bottleneck affecting current LED applications is that lumens are 10 times higher than traditional lighting sources. Therefore, the light extraction efficiency should be increased to 150 lm/W, and the drive current should be increased from 700 mA to 2 A. At the same time, the cost of the die and package should be reduced by half, so that it can be widely used in the field of illumination.
At the quarterly conference of China's electronic information industry operation and color TV industry research in the second quarter of 2010, held on July 28, 2010, Guan Baiyu, deputy inspector of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that LEDs need to be challenged in terms of packaging. The aspect, because light and heat are all together, in a device field. We hope to make the characteristics of LED luminous efficiency better, and more radiance and less heat, which is our pursuit.
Guan Baiyu believes that heat has the greatest impact on LED devices. If lighting is always achieved at high temperatures, it will greatly affect the life of the lighting device or fixture. So in this respect, LED lighting poses a serious challenge in terms of the structure of the package.
High-power LED market has broad prospects for domestic use
At present, the landscape lighting market is the largest market for high-power LED lighting, accounting for about 43%. Its new round of rapid deletion will definitely drive the rapid development of all high-power LED lighting industry. The industry believes that although the foreign high-power LED lighting industry is still in its infancy, its outstanding performance in various fields of use has made it possible to strengthen its understanding and use of the emerging industry. The foreign high-power LED lighting industry will It is achieving leap-forward development within 3 to 5 years, subverting the traditional lighting industry.
Through the diligent improvement of materials, processes and sealing technology by the world's leading manufacturers of high-power LED technology, the luminous efficiency and performance of high-power LEDs have been significantly improved. In addition to the conservative backlight and display panel market, high-power LEDs are beginning to go indoors and outdoors. General lighting, interior and exterior lighting, searchlights, traffic lights, etc. are newly used.
Taking high-power LED street lamps as an example, in recent years, the National Semiconductor Lighting Engineering R&D and Industry Alliance has done a lot of research work on high-power LED urban road lighting. At present, high-power LED lighting technology is becoming more and more mature, and high-power LED light flow efficiency can reach more than 100lm/W, and urban street lighting energy saving becomes possible. At present, it is expected that in the next few decades, the market demand for high-power LED, high-brightness, energy-saving high-power LED street lamp products across the country is extremely large. According to the statistics of the national street lamp industry in 2006, there are more than 15 million street lamps in urban road lighting in China, and the growth rate in recent years is over 20%. According to this estimation, the annual market size of lighting street lamps in the country is not less than 5 billion yuan. If high-power LED street lamps are used, the annual electricity saving will be more than 2 billion degrees.
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