Question 1: Why does the light flash when the sound is turned on?
A: This is because when the audio equipment is turned on, due to the large capacity capacitor inside the equipment, it is in a no-load discharge state before shutting down. When the power switch is pressed, the capacitor immediately draws power from the transformer, because the current drawn is very large (called The charging current), so that the power suddenly drops, the fluorescent lamp will naturally darken.
In the general post stage, as long as the sum of the filter capacitors exceeds 20,000μF, this phenomenon occurs when the power is turned on. Therefore, some well-designed high-power amplifiers have a "buffer circuit" when they are turned on, which means that they will be buffered by a large cement resistor during startup, allowing the internal capacitor to be slowly charged. After a while (about a few seconds) The relay is turned on, so that it can protect the fuse from being blown up at once, or avoid the trouble of flashing the lamp.
Question 2: Is the power supply of Taipower really bad?
A: When everyone encounters unstable power supply, it will always be blamed on Taipower before saying anything about the three seven twenty-one. If you understand the people of Taipower, you will definitely defend it vigorously and make a reasonable explanation. In fact, there is no problem with the power supply of Taipower. The phenomenon of unstable power is caused by interference during the distribution process.
Let's start with the power plant. At present, the main power plants in Taiwan Bend are divided into two categories, one is nuclear power generation and the other is a thermal power plant. Whether it is nuclear power or thermal power, they use the power of steam to drive the steam turbine to drive the generator. This is an extremely sophisticated power generation unit. The speed of the turbine is related to the stability of the frequency. There is a computer-controlled shifting system between the large generator and the turbine to ensure a stable output frequency under various loads (60Hz). ). Moreover, the voltage output from the turbine generator is absolutely a stable sine wave voltage. This is the basic physical principle. In other words, there is still a problem in making a skewed sine wave! Therefore, the power sent from Taipower is definitely a stable 60Hz sine wave power. For the problem of interference and voltage instability, please see the next question.
Question 3: Why is it always dangerous to use high voltage when transmitting electricity? Isn't that dangerous?
A: When the voltage exceeds 100V, there is danger. But why is the distribution power of Taipower always above 22KV? Isn't this dangerous?
Of course, it is dangerous, so there is always a striking signboard on the high-voltage electric tower to warn the idlers not to be close, otherwise the risk of electric shock is easy. The use of high-voltage transmission is mainly to save the amount of copper used for wiring, and also to reduce the loss during power transmission. Therefore, the power sent from the power plant is transmitted in an ultra-high voltage. The biggest advantage of ultra-high voltage transmission is that the voltage is high and the current is small. When the electrons flow through the conductor, the heat is calculated by the ratio of the current, not the voltage. Therefore, effectively reducing the current of the conductor can reduce the loss, so Dangerous, but as long as the precautions are taken, the danger can be avoided. Another reason for transmitting at high voltage is to reduce the voltage variation rate at the user end. If it is transmitted in 1:1, that is, the power from the station sends 110V directly to the home, and the voltage of the user terminal will drop by 1V for every 1V of voltage reduction. However, if the 22KV transmission is currently in common use, when the voltage sent by the power plant has a vibration of 1V, the user end has almost no feeling.
Question 4: Why is the voltage in my home often unstable?
A: The situation of unstable voltage often occurs in various households, especially near industrial areas. When a building applies for a Taipower connection, it will match the appropriate power to the building according to the number of the application form, but this is only an estimate. If the electricity consumption of the electricity user exceeds the power capacity originally applied, then It is easy to cause a shortage of power such as a voltage drop. This is not because Taipower does not give you enough power, but users should make a larger application for electricity. For example, an industrial park originally applied for 10,000 kilowatts of electricity. Of course, Taipower has to supply 10,000 kilowatts of electricity supply according to the application. If the electricity consumption of the industrial park exceeds the rated load, the power will of course become tight. Will not be used and dropped. It is useless to talk about it. In fact, as long as a larger application for electricity is submitted to Taipower, the situation of insufficient power supply is easy to solve. So when the power is down next time, please don't move it and curse. Hurry and measure your electricity consumption to see if it exceeds the rated power supply on the electricity contract. If it is in a low voltage state for a long time (for example, the voltage is lower than 100V), it can also react to the Taipower. They will send personnel to change the tap of the user's transformer to restore your voltage to normal.
Question 5: What is the power supply for general household use?
Answer: Household electricity is different from industrial electricity. Not only does the power supply have different forms, but the electricity consumption is also different. The average household does not have large electrical equipment. The most power-consuming power equipment is mostly air-conditioners or electric heaters. The voltage used by these equipments will not exceed 220V. Therefore, the household electricity is mostly used for Class B electricity and 110V single-phase three-wire supply. How to judge? See if your meter is round? If it is, it is indicated as 110V single-phase three-wire supply. If it is a square electric meter, it is the most common 110V single-phase two-wire supply.
The single-phase three-wire has two fire lines and one water line. The two fire lines are mutually inverted 110V/60Hz. After proper connection, two 100V or one 220V wires can be pulled out separately, of which 110V is used for general electrical appliances. The 220V provides air conditioners and electric water heaters. The reason for using the single-phase three-wire power supply method is mainly to save the loss of the power transmission process. With proper wiring, the two 100V wires pulled out from the two live wires, if the power consumption on both sides is equal, according to the principle of phase offset, the waterline will not generate any current, which means that the waterline can be lowered. Wire diameter can also avoid unnecessary power loss. In other words, if you maintain a constant amount of power consumption in your home, there is an opportunity to save power in the most ideal wiring combination.
Question 6: Where does the power interference come from?
A: I just said that the power sent by Taipower is a perfect 60Hz sine wave, but where does the interference come from? In fact, the most important source of interference still comes from the electricity users themselves. Try to think about how many electrical appliances are in your home? How much interference does this electrical appliance produce when plugged into a plug? Air conditioners, electric fans, fluorescent lamps, etc., are not purely resistive loads. They have inductive reactance and capacitive reactance. As long as they are turned on, they will interfere with the power system and parasitic the noise on the power supply. When the fluorescent lamp is turned on, the sound of "啪啪" will be heard, which is the interference of the fluorescent lamp.
Even if you are very clean and self-love, try not to use other electrical appliances when listening to the sound, and you can't guarantee that the electricity should be clean, because the front end of your meter is still connected with other consumers, and others only need to use electrical equipment. It will also cause interference to you, depending on the situation. If you are lucky, you don't feel it. If you are not lucky, you can't use it unless you apply for a user transformer.
Question 7: How to avoid interference?
A: This is a concern of everyone. How to avoid interference? The most direct and effective way is to isolate. Isolation of interference from others and isolation of interference between appliances in my home. Large-scale electrical equipment and computers are the most prone to interference, they generate high-frequency noise, and also generate power harmonics, which are parasitic in the power system to interfere with other electrical products. If you want to get clean power, it is a good method to use an isolation transformer or a power supply filter. By using the principle of insufficient bandwidth of the transformer, the high-frequency noise is filtered out, and only the lower frequency 60 Hz power is passed, so that the filter can be effectively filtered. In addition to high frequency noise or high frequency power harmonics. But the isolation transformer is not a panacea, please see the next question.
Q8: Is the power filter useful?
A: I am more concerned about this issue than you. If there are too many factors in the home to overcome the interference, is the commercially available power filter useful? Let me talk about the working principle of the power filter. Simply put, the materials used in the power filter are mostly inductors, capacitors, etc., and the capacitors and inductors are assembled into a "low-pass filter" that allows only 60 Hz (or less) frequencies to pass, blocking more than 60 Hz. The signal (or noise), in order to achieve the purpose of filtering out noise.
There are several kinds of power filters, some have voltage regulation function, and have the ability to automatically adjust the output voltage. Different combinations of transformer taps can be used to detect the circuit with relays and connect different taps to achieve immediate adjustment. For the purpose of output voltage, most computer voltage regulators work for this purpose. But please don't forget that when the relay is connected to the tap, it will also generate a surge, which is another kind of interference to the power supply. Also, the characteristic of the low-pass filter is to block the passage of higher frequency signals. If the speed of the power supply of the amplifier is greater than the power supply capability of the low-pass filter, a bottleneck will be formed, which will cause obstacles. For example, a certain power supply filter is very effective for filtering out noises above 60 Hz, but if the amount of current drawn by the amplifier is greater than the power supply capability of the filter, or the expansion machine needs to be faster than 60 Hz, The power filter has become a stumbling block.
In general, the power filter is suitable for equipment that is stable in power consumption and consumes less power, such as sources, preamps, etc., while the power post stage and subwoofer are directly inserted into the wall. In any case, don't think that installing a power filter has a positive effect. Try it yourself.
Question 9: How to prepare an ideal power supply for the sound?
A: Do you build a power plant yourself? Of course it is impossible, but to prepare an ideal power supply is not imagined, as long as it pulls a separate power cord to solve most of the problems, the rest can also rely on the power cord and appropriate props to fine-tune the action . For the method of pulling the power cord , please refer to the topic of the previous issue and the text of this issue. In particular, the power processing in Mr. Cao’s home in this issue can be said to be an ideal implementation. If you really have the heart, you may wish to proceed. Planning and Design. You may not have such good luck. You can use a "pole transformer" alone to get a clean power from Taipower, but if you live in an apartment building, you can at least pull a power supply of at least 22mm square from the meter. The line is used for audio, so that you can do your best. Believe it or not, spending eight thousand yuan to replace an independent power cord is more effective than changing a power cord of 80,000 yuan. Also, please pull a line when you pull the rope, you must pull more than 22mm square, it is very tired to do twice the hard work, do not believe that the water and electricity bank boss said that 3.5mm square is enough.
Q10: Should the source equipment and the latter need to be handled separately?
A: It is best to deal with it separately. The best way is to pull two power cables , one for the source equipment with low power consumption, the front stage, etc., and the other for the power amplifier and subwoofer that consume more power. Wait for use, although the source of the power cord is the same, but still hear the effect. As for the power supply filter after pulling the power cord , please try it yourself. Usually my experience is: as long as there is sufficient power supply, the filter does not necessarily have a positive effect.
Question 11: Do you need a ground wire?
A: Due to the power supply form of Taipower, there is no real ground wire for users to use, so users must prepare their own ground wire. The way and principle of the grounding wire, please refer to the topic description. The grounding method of Mr. Cao's home is not perfect, but it is enough for the audio fans to have a fever. It must also be known before the experiment, so Mr. Cao also designed a grounding switch for this purpose, which is better.
Most of the advanced audio equipment uses a three-hole AC power cord , one of which is the grounding wire. This ground wire is connected to the chassis and is directly connected to the earth (earth) after being conducted by the wires. The biggest advantage after grounding is that the hand touches the surface of the amplifier chassis, and there is no longer a feeling of hemp, which means that the voltage to the ground of the chassis will be very low, so low that it cannot be sensed. From the point of view of safety, grounding is necessary, but from the perspective of sound, whoever is better is not willing to pack tickets.
Question 12: How do the general family ground the line?
A: In fact, one of the single-phase three-wire power lines sent by Taipower has been grounded. However, because the path is too long and there is current, there is a voltage. This voltage will change due to the situation of power consumption. I measured it at home with an AC meter, with a minimum of about 1V and a maximum of 6V. If you use this water line to ground, you can also achieve the grounding effect, but it is best to install an AC voltmeter to observe the AC voltage at any time. However, from a safety point of view, it is still not recommended. It is also not recommended to connect water pipes or to connect steel bars in buildings, as it is easy to introduce other disturbances, such as lightning strikes, or other electrical leakage, and it is easy to conduct to the audio equipment through the ground wire.
Question 13: Can grounding avoid interference?
A: The answer is not absolutely certain. If your grounding is not thorough enough and not careful enough, it will bring disadvantages and introduce other people's noise into the audio equipment. The purpose of grounding can be roughly divided into two categories, one is safety grounding for safety considerations, and the other is signal grounding. The former is usually used in large-scale machinery, such as washing machines, motors, etc., when the leakage phenomenon occurs, the power can be transmitted to the earth by the conduction of the ground wire to protect the safety of personnel. The latter is to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the equipment or instrument and ground the circuit to reduce noise.
If the grounding of the equipment is connected to the steel bars or metal water pipes of the building, there is no guarantee that others will be grounded as well. If the ground of the audio equipment shares the same grounding with the washing machine of others, the result will only be worse and will not be better. Therefore, it is not recommended to use the audio equipment. It is very unsanitary to connect the building's steel bars or water pipes. In addition, the ground wire will be conductive, it will also bring noise, share the grounding with others, nothing will be embarrassing, and some things will also introduce other people's noise into the sound system, it is better not to be grounded.
Question 14: Does the cable need to be shock-proof?
A: The heavy cable, can in fact be seen as a part of the sound of the power cord, the power cord should be noted that since the audio material and shock, cables should also pay attention to this phenomenon. Taipower's power distribution station, because the length of the transmitted cable is quite long, the cable swayed with the wind on the pole, and the cables between the two cables will be induced by each other, resulting in low frequency oscillation; if the two cables are transmitted in parallel, They create a capacitive effect and become a condenser microphone. Although these phenomena will not be transmitted from the speaker, the audio-visual equipment in the Taipower Power Distribution Station is quite clear. To be the best, in the path through which the cable travels, the contact points can be covered with foam, and the two cables should not be parallel as much as possible, so that the noise can be reduced even lower.
in conclusion:
The problems concerning the power supply are extensive, and each family naturally has its own unique explanations and arguments. However, basically, the power supply should try to maintain the principle of sufficient power, stable voltage, low parasitic noise, thousands of methods, and equipment for processing power. There are also a lot of things, as long as these principles can be achieved, there will be positive help for audio equipment.
Recently, I went to an audio fan to listen to the sound. He paid great attention to the power problem. All the audio equipments were processed using a commercially available power filter, trying to create the cleanest power supply for the audio equipment. As a result, I took a very harsh fever film and went to the test. I found that the large dynamics and the fragments of the extremely low frequency appeared. The indicator light of the amplifier was even darkened or even extinguished. Obviously, this is due to the output of large current. Insufficient power supply, resulting in a drop in equipment voltage, the equipment itself is not fed, how many filters have effect? That is just a bottleneck to increase the power supply. After the incident, the audio fan changed two 38mm square cables according to my suggestion. Since then, no matter how loud the volume is, the indicator light does not flash. This is the fundamental problem.
Question 1: Why does the light flash when the sound is turned on?
A: This is because when the audio equipment is turned on, due to the large capacity capacitor inside the equipment, it is in a no-load discharge state before shutting down. When the power switch is pressed, the capacitor immediately draws power from the transformer, because the current drawn is very large (called The charging current), so that the power suddenly drops, the fluorescent lamp will naturally darken.
In the general post stage, as long as the sum of the filter capacitors exceeds 20,000μF, this phenomenon occurs when the power is turned on. Therefore, some well-designed high-power amplifiers have a "buffer circuit" when they are turned on, which means that they will be buffered by a large cement resistor during startup, allowing the internal capacitor to be slowly charged. After a while (about a few seconds) The relay is turned on, so that it can protect the fuse from being blown up at once, or avoid the trouble of flashing the lamp.
Question 2: Is the power supply of Taipower really bad?
A: When everyone encounters unstable power supply, it will always be blamed on Taipower before saying anything about the three seven twenty-one. If you understand the people of Taipower, you will definitely defend it vigorously and make a reasonable explanation. In fact, there is no problem with the power supply of Taipower. The phenomenon of unstable power is caused by interference during the distribution process.
Let's start with the power plant. At present, the main power plants in Taiwan Bend are divided into two categories, one is nuclear power generation and the other is a thermal power plant. Whether it is nuclear power or thermal power, they use the power of steam to drive the steam turbine to drive the generator. This is an extremely sophisticated power generation unit. The speed of the turbine is related to the stability of the frequency. There is a computer-controlled shifting system between the large generator and the turbine to ensure a stable output frequency under various loads (60Hz). ). Moreover, the voltage output from the turbine generator is absolutely a stable sine wave voltage. This is the basic physical principle. In other words, there is still a problem in making a skewed sine wave! Therefore, the power sent from Taipower is definitely a stable 60Hz sine wave power. For the problem of interference and voltage instability, please see the next question.
Question 3: Why is it always dangerous to use high voltage when transmitting electricity? Isn't that dangerous?
A: When the voltage exceeds 100V, there is danger. But why is the distribution power of Taipower always above 22KV? Isn't this dangerous?
Of course, it is dangerous, so there is always a striking signboard on the high-voltage electric tower to warn the idlers not to be close, otherwise the risk of electric shock is easy. The use of high-voltage transmission is mainly to save the amount of copper used for wiring, and also to reduce the loss during power transmission. Therefore, the power sent from the power plant is transmitted in an ultra-high voltage. The biggest advantage of ultra-high voltage transmission is that the voltage is high and the current is small. When the electrons flow through the conductor, the heat is calculated by the ratio of the current, not the voltage. Therefore, effectively reducing the current of the conductor can reduce the loss, so Dangerous, but as long as the precautions are taken, the danger can be avoided. Another reason for transmitting at high voltage is to reduce the voltage variation rate at the user end. If it is transmitted in 1:1, that is, the power from the station sends 110V directly to the home, and the voltage of the user terminal will drop by 1V for every 1V of voltage reduction. However, if the 22KV transmission is currently in common use, when the voltage sent by the power plant has a vibration of 1V, the user end has almost no feeling.
Question 4: Why is the voltage in my home often unstable?
A: The situation of unstable voltage often occurs in various households, especially near industrial areas. When a building applies for a Taipower connection, it will match the appropriate power to the building according to the number of the application form, but this is only an estimate. If the electricity consumption of the electricity user exceeds the power capacity originally applied, then It is easy to cause a shortage of power such as a voltage drop. This is not because Taipower does not give you enough power, but users should make a larger application for electricity. For example, an industrial park originally applied for 10,000 kilowatts of electricity. Of course, Taipower has to supply 10,000 kilowatts of electricity supply according to the application. If the electricity consumption of the industrial park exceeds the rated load, the power will of course become tight. Will not be used and dropped. It is useless to talk about it. In fact, as long as a larger application for electricity is submitted to Taipower, the situation of insufficient power supply is easy to solve. So when the power is down next time, please don't move it and curse. Hurry and measure your electricity consumption to see if it exceeds the rated power supply on the electricity contract. If it is in a low voltage state for a long time (for example, the voltage is lower than 100V), it can also react to the Taipower. They will send personnel to change the tap of the user's transformer to restore your voltage to normal.
Question 5: What is the power supply for general household use?
Answer: Household electricity is different from industrial electricity. Not only does the power supply have different forms, but the electricity consumption is also different. The average household does not have large electrical equipment. The most power-consuming power equipment is mostly air-conditioners or electric heaters. The voltage used by these equipments will not exceed 220V. Therefore, the household electricity is mostly used for Class B electricity and 110V single-phase three-wire supply. How to judge? See if your meter is round? If it is, it is indicated as 110V single-phase three-wire supply. If it is a square electric meter, it is the most common 110V single-phase two-wire supply.
The single-phase three-wire has two fire lines and one water line. The two fire lines are mutually inverted 110V/60Hz. After proper connection, two 100V or one 220V wires can be pulled out separately, of which 110V is used for general electrical appliances. The 220V provides air conditioners and electric water heaters. The reason for using the single-phase three-wire power supply method is mainly to save the loss of the power transmission process. With proper wiring, the two 100V wires pulled out from the two live wires, if the power consumption on both sides is equal, according to the principle of phase offset, the waterline will not generate any current, which means that the waterline can be lowered. Wire diameter can also avoid unnecessary power loss. In other words, if you maintain a constant amount of power consumption in your home, there is an opportunity to save power in the most ideal wiring combination.
Question 6: Where does the power interference come from?
A: I just said that the power sent by Taipower is a perfect 60Hz sine wave, but where does the interference come from? In fact, the most important source of interference still comes from the electricity users themselves. Try to think about how many electrical appliances are in your home? How much interference does this electrical appliance produce when plugged into a plug? Air conditioners, electric fans, fluorescent lamps, etc., are not purely resistive loads. They have inductive reactance and capacitive reactance. As long as they are turned on, they will interfere with the power system and parasitic the noise on the power supply. When the fluorescent lamp is turned on, the sound of "啪啪" will be heard, which is the interference of the fluorescent lamp.
Even if you are very clean and self-love, try not to use other electrical appliances when listening to the sound, and you can't guarantee that the electricity should be clean, because the front end of your meter is still connected with other consumers, and others only need to use electrical equipment. It will also cause interference to you, depending on the situation. If you are lucky, you don't feel it. If you are not lucky, you can't use it unless you apply for a user transformer.
Question 7: How to avoid interference?
A: This is a concern of everyone. How to avoid interference? The most direct and effective way is to isolate. Isolation of interference from others and isolation of interference between appliances in my home. Large-scale electrical equipment and computers are the most prone to interference, they generate high-frequency noise, and also generate power harmonics, which are parasitic in the power system to interfere with other electrical products. If you want to get clean power, it is a good method to use an isolation transformer or a power supply filter. By using the principle of insufficient bandwidth of the transformer, the high-frequency noise is filtered out, and only the lower frequency 60 Hz power is passed, so that the filter can be effectively filtered. In addition to high frequency noise or high frequency power harmonics. But the isolation transformer is not a panacea, please see the next question.
Q8: Is the power filter useful?
A: I am more concerned about this issue than you. If there are too many factors in the home to overcome the interference, is the commercially available power filter useful? Let me talk about the working principle of the power filter. Simply put, the materials used in the power filter are mostly inductors, capacitors, etc., and the capacitors and inductors are assembled into a "low-pass filter" that allows only 60 Hz (or less) frequencies to pass, blocking more than 60 Hz. The signal (or noise), in order to achieve the purpose of filtering out noise.
There are several kinds of power filters, some have voltage regulation function, and have the ability to automatically adjust the output voltage. Different combinations of transformer taps can be used to detect the circuit with relays and connect different taps to achieve immediate adjustment. For the purpose of output voltage, most computer voltage regulators work for this purpose. But please don't forget that when the relay is connected to the tap, it will also generate a surge, which is another kind of interference to the power supply. Also, the characteristic of the low-pass filter is to block the passage of higher frequency signals. If the speed of the power supply of the amplifier is greater than the power supply capability of the low-pass filter, a bottleneck will be formed, which will cause obstacles. For example, a certain power supply filter is very effective for filtering out noises above 60 Hz, but if the amount of current drawn by the amplifier is greater than the power supply capability of the filter, or the expansion machine needs to be faster than 60 Hz, The power filter has become a stumbling block.
In general, the power filter is suitable for equipment that is stable in power consumption and consumes less power, such as sources, preamps, etc., while the power post stage and subwoofer are directly inserted into the wall. In any case, don't think that installing a power filter has a positive effect. Try it yourself.
Question 9: How to prepare an ideal power supply for the sound?
A: Do you build a power plant yourself? Of course it is impossible, but to prepare an ideal power supply is not imagined, as long as it pulls a separate power cord to solve most of the problems, the rest can also rely on the power cord and appropriate props to fine-tune the action . For the method of pulling the power cord , please refer to the topic of the previous issue and the text of this issue. In particular, the power processing in Mr. Cao’s home in this issue can be said to be an ideal implementation. If you really have the heart, you may wish to proceed. Planning and Design. You may not have such good luck. You can use a "pole transformer" alone to get a clean power from Taipower, but if you live in an apartment building, you can at least pull a power supply of at least 22mm square from the meter. The line is used for audio, so that you can do your best. Believe it or not, spending eight thousand yuan to replace an independent power cord is more effective than changing a power cord of 80,000 yuan. Also, please pull a line when you pull the rope, you must pull more than 22mm square, it is very tired to do twice the hard work, do not believe that the water and electricity bank boss said that 3.5mm square is enough.
Q10: Should the source equipment and the latter need to be handled separately?
A: It is best to deal with it separately. The best way is to pull two power cables , one for the source equipment with low power consumption, the front stage, etc., and the other for the power amplifier and subwoofer that consume more power. Wait for use, although the source of the power cord is the same, but still hear the effect. As for the power supply filter after pulling the power cord , please try it yourself. Usually my experience is: as long as there is sufficient power supply, the filter does not necessarily have a positive effect.
Question 11: Do you need a ground wire?
A: Due to the power supply form of Taipower, there is no real ground wire for users to use, so users must prepare their own ground wire. The way and principle of the grounding wire, please refer to the topic description. The grounding method of Mr. Cao's home is not perfect, but it is enough for the audio fans to have a fever. It must also be known before the experiment, so Mr. Cao also designed a grounding switch for this purpose, which is better.
Most of the advanced audio equipment uses a three-hole AC power cord , one of which is the grounding wire. This ground wire is connected to the chassis and is directly connected to the earth (earth) after being conducted by the wires. The biggest advantage after grounding is that the hand touches the surface of the amplifier chassis, and there is no longer a feeling of hemp, which means that the voltage to the ground of the chassis will be very low, so low that it cannot be sensed. From the point of view of safety, grounding is necessary, but from the perspective of sound, whoever is better is not willing to pack tickets.
Question 12: How do the general family ground the line?
A: In fact, one of the single-phase three-wire power lines sent by Taipower has been grounded. However, because the path is too long and there is current, there is a voltage. This voltage will change due to the situation of power consumption. I measured it at home with an AC meter, with a minimum of about 1V and a maximum of 6V. If you use this water line to ground, you can also achieve the grounding effect, but it is best to install an AC voltmeter to observe the AC voltage at any time. However, from a safety point of view, it is still not recommended. It is also not recommended to connect water pipes or to connect steel bars in buildings, as it is easy to introduce other disturbances, such as lightning strikes, or other electrical leakage, and it is easy to conduct to the audio equipment through the ground wire.
Question 13: Can grounding avoid interference?
A: The answer is not absolutely certain. If your grounding is not thorough enough and not careful enough, it will bring disadvantages and introduce other people's noise into the audio equipment. The purpose of grounding can be roughly divided into two categories, one is safety grounding for safety considerations, and the other is signal grounding. The former is usually used in large-scale machinery, such as washing machines, motors, etc., when the leakage phenomenon occurs, the power can be transmitted to the earth by the conduction of the ground wire to protect the safety of personnel. The latter is to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the equipment or instrument and ground the circuit to reduce noise.
If the grounding of the equipment is connected to the steel bars or metal water pipes of the building, there is no guarantee that others will be grounded as well. If the ground of the audio equipment shares the same grounding with the washing machine of others, the result will only be worse and will not be better. Therefore, it is not recommended to use the audio equipment. It is very unsanitary to connect the building's steel bars or water pipes. In addition, the ground wire will be conductive, it will also bring noise, share the grounding with others, nothing will be embarrassing, and some things will also introduce other people's noise into the sound system, it is better not to be grounded.
Question 14: Does the cable need to be shock-proof?
A: The heavy cable, can in fact be seen as a part of the sound of the power cord, the power cord should be noted that since the audio material and shock, cables should also pay attention to this phenomenon. Taipower's power distribution station, because the length of the transmitted cable is quite long, the cable swayed with the wind on the pole, and the cables between the two cables will be induced by each other, resulting in low frequency oscillation; if the two cables are transmitted in parallel, They create a capacitive effect and become a condenser microphone. Although these phenomena will not be transmitted from the speaker, the audio-visual equipment in the Taipower Power Distribution Station is quite clear. To be the best, in the path through which the cable travels, the contact points can be covered with foam, and the two cables should not be parallel as much as possible, so that the noise can be reduced even lower.
in conclusion:
The problems concerning the power supply are extensive, and each family naturally has its own unique explanations and arguments. However, basically, the power supply should try to maintain the principle of sufficient power, stable voltage, low parasitic noise, thousands of methods, and equipment for processing power. There are also a lot of things, as long as these principles can be achieved, there will be positive help for audio equipment.
Recently, I went to an audio fan to listen to the sound. He paid great attention to the power problem. All the audio equipments were processed using a commercially available power filter, trying to create the cleanest power supply for the audio equipment. As a result, I took a very harsh fever film and went to the test. I found that the large dynamics and the fragments of the extremely low frequency appeared. The indicator light of the amplifier was even darkened or even extinguished. Obviously, this is due to the output of large current. Insufficient power supply, resulting in a drop in equipment voltage, the equipment itself is not fed, how many filters have effect? That is just a bottleneck to increase the power supply. After the incident, the audio fan changed two 38mm square cables according to my suggestion. Since then, no matter how loud the volume is, the indicator light does not flash. This is the fundamental problem.
Question 1: Why does the light flash when the sound is turned on?
A: This is because when the audio equipment is turned on, due to the large capacity capacitor inside the equipment, it is in a no-load discharge state before shutting down. When the power switch is pressed, the capacitor immediately draws power from the transformer, because the current drawn is very large (called The charging current), so that the power suddenly drops, the fluorescent lamp will naturally darken.
In the general post stage, as long as the sum of the filter capacitors exceeds 20,000μF, this phenomenon occurs when the power is turned on. Therefore, some well-designed high-power amplifiers have a "buffer circuit" when they are turned on, which means that they will be buffered by a large cement resistor during startup, allowing the internal capacitor to be slowly charged. After a while (about a few seconds) The relay is turned on, so that it can protect the fuse from being blown up at once, or avoid the trouble of flashing the lamp.
Question 2: Is the power supply of Taipower really bad?
A: When everyone encounters unstable power supply, it will always be blamed on Taipower before saying anything about the three seven twenty-one. If you understand the people of Taipower, you will definitely defend it vigorously and make a reasonable explanation. In fact, there is no problem with the power supply of Taipower. The phenomenon of unstable power is caused by interference during the distribution process.
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é—®å三：接地就能é¿å…干扰å—？
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é—®å四：电缆线需è¦é¿éœ‡å—？
ç”：粗é‡çš„电缆线，其实也å¯ä»¥è§†ä¸ºéŸ³å“电æºçº¿çš„一部份，既然音å“电æºçº¿è¦æ³¨æ„æè´¨åŠé¿éœ‡ï¼Œç”µç¼†çº¿ä¹Ÿåº”该注æ„æ¤çŽ°è±¡ã€‚å°ç”µå…¬å¸çš„é…ç”µæ‰€ï¼Œç”±æ–¼ä¼ è¾“çš„ç”µç¼†é•¿åº¦ç›¸å½“è¿œï¼Œç”µç¼†åœ¨ç”µçº¿æ†ä¸Šéšé£Žæ™ƒæ¥æ™ƒåŽ»ï¼Œå½¼æ¤ç”µç¼†é—´ä¹Ÿä¼šå› 为互相感应，而产生低频震è¡ï¼›å¦‚果两æ¡ç”µç¼†å¹³è¡Œä¼ é€ï¼Œä¹Ÿä¼šå½¼æ¤äº§ç”Ÿç”µå®¹æ•ˆåº”，而å˜æˆç”µå®¹å¼éº¦å…‹é£Žï¼Œè¿™äº›çŽ°è±¡è™½ç„¶ä¸ä¼šä»Žå–‡åä¸ä¼ 出，但å°ç”µé…电所里的鉴å¬è®¾å¤‡å´å¬å¾—相当清楚。è¦åšåˆ°æœ€å¥½ï¼Œç”µç¼†è¡Œç»çš„路径ä¸ï¼ŒæŽ¥è§¦ç‚¹å¯ä»¥ä»¥æ³¡ç»µåŒ…覆，两æ¡ç”µç¼†å°½é‡ä¸è¦å¹³è¡Œï¼Œè¿™æ ·å°±å¯ä»¥å°†æ‚讯é™å¾—更低。
in conclusion:
关於电æºçš„问题牵涉广泛，å„家自然有其独特的解释与说法，但基本上，电æºä¾›åº”应该尽é‡ä¿æŒç”µåŠ›å……足ã€ç”µåŽ‹ç¨³å®šã€å¯„生æ‚讯低的处ç†åŽŸåˆ™ï¼Œæ–¹æ³•åƒç™¾ç§ï¼Œå¤„ç†ç”µæºçš„器æ也比比皆是，åªè¦èƒ½å¤Ÿè¾¾åˆ°è¿™äº›åŽŸåˆ™ï¼Œå¯¹éŸ³å“器æ就有æ£é¢çš„帮助。
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A: This is because when the audio equipment is turned on, due to the large capacity capacitor inside the equipment, it is in a no-load discharge state before shutting down. When the power switch is pressed, the capacitor immediately draws power from the transformer, because the current drawn is very large (called The charging current), so that the power suddenly drops, the fluorescent lamp will naturally darken.
In the general post stage, as long as the sum of the filter capacitors exceeds 20,000μF, this phenomenon occurs when the power is turned on. Therefore, some well-designed high-power amplifiers have a "buffer circuit" when they are turned on, which means that they will be buffered by a large cement resistor during startup, allowing the internal capacitor to be slowly charged. After a while (about a few seconds) The relay is turned on, so that it can protect the fuse from being blown up at once, or avoid the trouble of flashing the lamp.
Question 2: Is the power supply of Taipower really bad?
A: When everyone encounters unstable power supply, it will always be blamed on Taipower before saying anything about the three seven twenty-one. If you understand the people of Taipower, you will definitely defend it vigorously and make a reasonable explanation. In fact, there is no problem with the power supply of Taipower. The phenomenon of unstable power is caused by interference during the distribution process.
Let's start with the power plant. At present, the main power plants in Taiwan Bend are divided into two categories, one is nuclear power generation and the other is a thermal power plant. Whether it is nuclear power or thermal power, they use the power of steam to drive the steam turbine to drive the generator. This is an extremely sophisticated power generation unit. The speed of the turbine is related to the stability of the frequency. There is a computer-controlled shifting system between the large generator and the turbine to ensure a stable output frequency under various loads (60Hz). ). Moreover, the voltage output from the turbine generator is absolutely a stable sine wave voltage. This is the basic physical principle. In other words, there is still a problem in making a skewed sine wave! Therefore, the power sent from Taipower is definitely a stable 60Hz sine wave power. For the problem of interference and voltage instability, please see the next question.
Question 3: Why is it always dangerous to use high voltage when transmitting electricity? Isn't that dangerous?
A: When the voltage exceeds 100V, there is danger. But why is the distribution power of Taipower always above 22KV? Isn't this dangerous?
Of course, it is dangerous, so there is always a striking signboard on the high-voltage electric tower to warn the idlers not to be close, otherwise the risk of electric shock is easy. The use of high-voltage transmission is mainly to save the amount of copper used for wiring, and also to reduce the loss during power transmission. Therefore, the power sent from the power plant is transmitted in an ultra-high voltage. The biggest advantage of ultra-high voltage transmission is that the voltage is high and the current is small. When the electrons flow through the conductor, the heat is calculated by the ratio of the current, not the voltage. Therefore, effectively reducing the current of the conductor can reduce the loss, so Dangerous, but as long as the precautions are taken, the danger can be avoided. Another reason for transmitting at high voltage is to reduce the voltage variation rate at the user end. If it is transmitted in 1:1, that is, the power from the station sends 110V directly to the home, and the voltage of the user terminal will drop by 1V for every 1V of voltage reduction. However, if the 22KV transmission is currently in common use, when the voltage sent by the power plant has a vibration of 1V, the user end has almost no feeling.
Question 4: Why is the voltage in my home often unstable?
A: The situation of unstable voltage often occurs in various households, especially near industrial areas. When a building applies for a Taipower connection, it will match the appropriate power to the building according to the number of the application form, but this is only an estimate. If the electricity consumption of the electricity user exceeds the power capacity originally applied, then It is easy to cause a shortage of power such as a voltage drop. This is not because Taipower does not give you enough power, but users should make a larger application for electricity. For example, an industrial park originally applied for 10,000 kilowatts of electricity. Of course, Taipower has to supply 10,000 kilowatts of electricity supply according to the application. If the electricity consumption of the industrial park exceeds the rated load, the power will of course become tight. Will not be used and dropped. It is useless to talk about it. In fact, as long as a larger application for electricity is submitted to Taipower, the situation of insufficient power supply is easy to solve. So when the power is down next time, please don't move it and curse. Hurry and measure your electricity consumption to see if it exceeds the rated power supply on the electricity contract. If it is in a low voltage state for a long time (for example, the voltage is lower than 100V), it can also react to the Taipower. They will send personnel to change the tap of the user's transformer to restore your voltage to normal.
Question 5: What is the power supply for general household use?
Answer: Household electricity is different from industrial electricity. Not only does the power supply have different forms, but the electricity consumption is also different. The average household does not have large electrical equipment. The most power-consuming power equipment is mostly air-conditioners or electric heaters. The voltage used by these equipments will not exceed 220V. Therefore, the household electricity is mostly used for Class B electricity and 110V single-phase three-wire supply. How to judge? See if your meter is round? If it is, it is indicated as 110V single-phase three-wire supply. If it is a square electric meter, it is the most common 110V single-phase two-wire supply.
The single-phase three-wire has two fire lines and one water line. The two fire lines are mutually inverted 110V/60Hz. After proper connection, two 100V or one 220V wires can be pulled out separately, of which 110V is used for general electrical appliances. The 220V provides air conditioners and electric water heaters. The reason for using the single-phase three-wire power supply method is mainly to save the loss of the power transmission process. With proper wiring, the two 100V wires pulled out from the two live wires, if the power consumption on both sides is equal, according to the principle of phase offset, the waterline will not generate any current, which means that the waterline can be lowered. Wire diameter can also avoid unnecessary power loss. In other words, if you maintain a constant amount of power consumption in your home, there is an opportunity to save power in the most ideal wiring combination.
Question 6: Where does the power interference come from?
A: I just said that the power sent by Taipower is a perfect 60Hz sine wave, but where does the interference come from? In fact, the most important source of interference still comes from the electricity users themselves. Try to think about how many electrical appliances are in your home? How much interference does this electrical appliance produce when plugged into a plug? Air conditioners, electric fans, fluorescent lamps, etc., are not purely resistive loads. They have inductive reactance and capacitive reactance. As long as they are turned on, they will interfere with the power system and parasitic the noise on the power supply. When the fluorescent lamp is turned on, the sound of "啪啪" will be heard, which is the interference of the fluorescent lamp.
Even if you are very clean and self-love, try not to use other electrical appliances when listening to the sound, and you can't guarantee that the electricity should be clean, because the front end of your meter is still connected with other consumers, and others only need to use electrical equipment. It will also cause interference to you, depending on the situation. If you are lucky, you don't feel it. If you are not lucky, you can't use it unless you apply for a user transformer.
Question 7: How to avoid interference?
A: This is a concern of everyone. How to avoid interference? The most direct and effective way is to isolate. Isolation of interference from others and isolation of interference between appliances in my home. Large-scale electrical equipment and computers are the most prone to interference, they generate high-frequency noise, and also generate power harmonics, which are parasitic in the power system to interfere with other electrical products. If you want to get clean power, it is a good method to use an isolation transformer or a power supply filter. By using the principle of insufficient bandwidth of the transformer, the high-frequency noise is filtered out, and only the lower frequency 60 Hz power is passed, so that the filter can be effectively filtered. In addition to high frequency noise or high frequency power harmonics. But the isolation transformer is not a panacea, please see the next question.
Q8: Is the power filter useful?
A: I am more concerned about this issue than you. If there are too many factors in the home to overcome the interference, is the commercially available power filter useful? Let me talk about the working principle of the power filter. Simply put, the materials used in the power filter are mostly inductors, capacitors, etc., and the capacitors and inductors are assembled into a "low-pass filter" that allows only 60 Hz (or less) frequencies to pass, blocking more than 60 Hz. The signal (or noise), in order to achieve the purpose of filtering out noise.
There are several kinds of power filters, some have voltage regulation function, and have the ability to automatically adjust the output voltage. Different combinations of transformer taps can be used to detect the circuit with relays and connect different taps to achieve immediate adjustment. For the purpose of output voltage, most computer voltage regulators work for this purpose. But please don't forget that when the relay is connected to the tap, it will also generate a surge, which is another kind of interference to the power supply. Also, the characteristic of the low-pass filter is to block the passage of higher frequency signals. If the speed of the power supply of the amplifier is greater than the power supply capability of the low-pass filter, a bottleneck will be formed, which will cause obstacles. For example, a certain power supply filter is very effective for filtering out noises above 60 Hz, but if the amount of current drawn by the amplifier is greater than the power supply capability of the filter, or the expansion machine needs to be faster than 60 Hz, The power filter has become a stumbling block.
In general, the power filter is suitable for equipment that is stable in power consumption and consumes less power, such as sources, preamps, etc., while the power post stage and subwoofer are directly inserted into the wall. In any case, don't think that installing a power filter has a positive effect. Try it yourself.
Question 9: How to prepare an ideal power supply for the sound?
A: Do you build a power plant yourself? Of course it is impossible, but to prepare an ideal power supply is not imagined, as long as it pulls a separate power cord to solve most of the problems, the rest can also rely on the power cord and appropriate props to fine-tune the action . For the method of pulling the power cord , please refer to the topic of the previous issue and the text of this issue. In particular, the power processing in Mr. Cao’s home in this issue can be said to be an ideal implementation. If you really have the heart, you may wish to proceed. Planning and Design. You may not have such good luck. You can use a "pole transformer" alone to get a clean power from Taipower, but if you live in an apartment building, you can at least pull a power supply of at least 22mm square from the meter. The line is used for audio, so that you can do your best. Believe it or not, spending eight thousand yuan to replace an independent power cord is more effective than changing a power cord of 80,000 yuan. Also, please pull a line when you pull the rope, you must pull more than 22mm square, it is very tired to do twice the hard work, do not believe that the water and electricity bank boss said that 3.5mm square is enough.
Q10: Should the source equipment and the latter need to be handled separately?
A: It is best to deal with it separately. The best way is to pull two power cables , one for the source equipment with low power consumption, the front stage, etc., and the other for the power amplifier and subwoofer that consume more power. Wait for use, although the source of the power cord is the same, but still hear the effect. As for the power supply filter after pulling the power cord , please try it yourself. Usually my experience is: as long as there is sufficient power supply, the filter does not necessarily have a positive effect.
Question 11: Do you need a ground wire?
A: Due to the power supply form of Taipower, there is no real ground wire for users to use, so users must prepare their own ground wire. The way and principle of the grounding wire, please refer to the topic description. The grounding method of Mr. Cao's home is not perfect, but it is enough for the audio fans to have a fever. It must also be known before the experiment, so Mr. Cao also designed a grounding switch for this purpose, which is better.
Most of the advanced audio equipment uses a three-hole AC power cord , one of which is the grounding wire. This ground wire is connected to the chassis and is directly connected to the earth (earth) after being conducted by the wires. The biggest advantage after grounding is that the hand touches the surface of the amplifier chassis, and there is no longer a feeling of hemp, which means that the voltage to the ground of the chassis will be very low, so low that it cannot be sensed. From the point of view of safety, grounding is necessary, but from the perspective of sound, whoever is better is not willing to pack tickets.
Question 12: How do the general family ground the line?
A: In fact, one of the single-phase three-wire power lines sent by Taipower has been grounded. However, because the path is too long and there is current, there is a voltage. This voltage will change due to the situation of power consumption. I measured it at home with an AC meter, with a minimum of about 1V and a maximum of 6V. If you use this water line to ground, you can also achieve the grounding effect, but it is best to install an AC voltmeter to observe the AC voltage at any time. However, from a safety point of view, it is still not recommended. It is also not recommended to connect water pipes or to connect steel bars in buildings, as it is easy to introduce other disturbances, such as lightning strikes, or other electrical leakage, and it is easy to conduct to the audio equipment through the ground wire.
Question 13: Can grounding avoid interference?
A: The answer is not absolutely certain. If your grounding is not thorough enough and not careful enough, it will bring disadvantages and introduce other people's noise into the audio equipment. The purpose of grounding can be roughly divided into two categories, one is safety grounding for safety considerations, and the other is signal grounding. The former is usually used in large-scale machinery, such as washing machines, motors, etc., when the leakage phenomenon occurs, the power can be transmitted to the earth by the conduction of the ground wire to protect the safety of personnel. The latter is to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the equipment or instrument and ground the circuit to reduce noise.
If the grounding of the equipment is connected to the steel bars or metal water pipes of the building, there is no guarantee that others will be grounded as well. If the ground of the audio equipment shares the same grounding with the washing machine of others, the result will only be worse and will not be better. Therefore, it is not recommended to use the audio equipment. It is very unsanitary to connect the building's steel bars or water pipes. In addition, the ground wire will be conductive, it will also bring noise, share the grounding with others, nothing will be embarrassing, and some things will also introduce other people's noise into the sound system, it is better not to be grounded.
Question 14: Does the cable need to be shock-proof?
A: The heavy cable, can in fact be seen as a part of the sound of the power cord, the power cord should be noted that since the audio material and shock, cables should also pay attention to this phenomenon. Taipower's power distribution station, because the length of the transmitted cable is quite long, the cable swayed with the wind on the pole, and the cables between the two cables will be induced by each other, resulting in low frequency oscillation; if the two cables are transmitted in parallel, They create a capacitive effect and become a condenser microphone. Although these phenomena will not be transmitted from the speaker, the audio-visual equipment in the Taipower Power Distribution Station is quite clear. To be the best, in the path through which the cable travels, the contact points can be covered with foam, and the two cables should not be parallel as much as possible, so that the noise can be reduced even lower.
in conclusion:
The problems concerning the power supply are extensive, and each family naturally has its own unique explanations and arguments. However, basically, the power supply should try to maintain the principle of sufficient power, stable voltage, low parasitic noise, thousands of methods, and equipment for processing power. There are also a lot of things, as long as these principles can be achieved, there will be positive help for audio equipment.
Recently, I went to an audio fan to listen to the sound. He paid great attention to the power problem. All the audio equipments were processed using a commercially available power filter, trying to create the cleanest power supply for the audio equipment. As a result, I took a very harsh fever film and went to the test. I found that the large dynamics and the fragments of the extremely low frequency appeared. The indicator light of the amplifier was even darkened or even extinguished. Obviously, this is due to the output of large current. Insufficient power supply, resulting in a drop in equipment voltage, the equipment itself is not fed, how many filters have effect? That is just a bottleneck to increase the power supply. After the incident, the audio fan changed two 38mm square cables according to my suggestion. Since then, no matter how loud the volume is, the indicator light does not flash. This is the fundamental problem.
Question 1: Why does the light flash when the sound is turned on?
A: This is because when the audio equipment is turned on, due to the large capacity capacitor inside the equipment, it is in a no-load discharge state before shutting down. When the power switch is pressed, the capacitor immediately draws power from the transformer, because the current drawn is very large (called The charging current), so that the power suddenly drops, the fluorescent lamp will naturally darken.
In the general post stage, as long as the sum of the filter capacitors exceeds 20,000μF, this phenomenon occurs when the power is turned on. Therefore, some well-designed high-power amplifiers have a "buffer circuit" when they are turned on, which means that they will be buffered by a large cement resistor during startup, allowing the internal capacitor to be slowly charged. After a while (about a few seconds) The relay is turned on, so that it can protect the fuse from being blown up at once, or avoid the trouble of flashing the lamp.
Question 2: Is the power supply of Taipower really bad?
A: When everyone encounters unstable power supply, it will always be blamed on Taipower before saying anything about the three seven twenty-one. If you understand the people of Taipower, you will definitely defend it vigorously and make a reasonable explanation. In fact, there is no problem with the power supply of Taipower. The phenomenon of unstable power is caused by interference during the distribution process.
Let's start with the power plant. At present, the main power plants in Taiwan Bend are divided into two categories, one is nuclear power generation and the other is a thermal power plant. Whether it is nuclear power or thermal power, they use the power of steam to drive the steam turbine to drive the generator. This is an extremely sophisticated power generation unit. The speed of the turbine is related to the stability of the frequency. There is a computer-controlled shifting system between the large generator and the turbine to ensure a stable output frequency under various loads (60Hz). ). Moreover, the voltage output from the turbine generator is absolutely a stable sine wave voltage. This is the basic physical principle. In other words, there is still a problem in making a skewed sine wave! Therefore, the power sent from Taipower is definitely a stable 60Hz sine wave power. For the problem of interference and voltage instability, please see the next question.
Question 3: Why is it always dangerous to use high voltage when transmitting electricity? Isn't that dangerous?
A: When the voltage exceeds 100V, there is danger. But why is the distribution power of Taipower always above 22KV? Isn't this dangerous?
Of course, it is dangerous, so there is always a striking signboard on the high-voltage electric tower to warn the idlers not to be close, otherwise the risk of electric shock is easy. The use of high-voltage transmission is mainly to save the amount of copper used for wiring, and also to reduce the loss during power transmission. Therefore, the power sent from the power plant is transmitted in an ultra-high voltage. The biggest advantage of ultra-high voltage transmission is that the voltage is high and the current is small. When the electrons flow through the conductor, the heat is calculated by the ratio of the current, not the voltage. Therefore, effectively reducing the current of the conductor can reduce the loss, so Dangerous, but as long as the precautions are taken, the danger can be avoided. Another reason for transmitting at high voltage is to reduce the voltage variation rate at the user end. If it is transmitted in 1:1, that is, the power from the station sends 110V directly to the home, and the voltage of the user terminal will drop by 1V for every 1V of voltage reduction. However, if the 22KV transmission is currently in common use, when the voltage sent by the power plant has a vibration of 1V, the user end has almost no feeling.
Question 4: Why is the voltage in my home often unstable?
A: The situation of unstable voltage often occurs in various households, especially near industrial areas. When a building applies for a Taipower connection, it will match the appropriate power to the building according to the number of the application form, but this is only an estimate. If the electricity consumption of the electricity user exceeds the power capacity originally applied, then It is easy to cause a shortage of power such as a voltage drop. This is not because Taipower does not give you enough power, but users should make a larger application for electricity. For example, an industrial park originally applied for 10,000 kilowatts of electricity. Of course, Taipower has to supply 10,000 kilowatts of electricity supply according to the application. If the electricity consumption of the industrial park exceeds the rated load, the power will of course become tight. Will not be used and dropped. It is useless to talk about it. In fact, as long as a larger application for electricity is submitted to Taipower, the situation of insufficient power supply is easy to solve. So when the power is down next time, please don't move it and curse. Hurry and measure your electricity consumption to see if it exceeds the rated power supply on the electricity contract. If it is in a low voltage state for a long time (for example, the voltage is lower than 100V), it can also react to the Taipower. They will send personnel to change the tap of the user's transformer to restore your voltage to normal.
Question 5: What is the power supply for general household use?
Answer: Household electricity is different from industrial electricity. Not only does the power supply have different forms, but the electricity consumption is also different. The average household does not have large electrical equipment. The most power-consuming power equipment is mostly air-conditioners or electric heaters. The voltage used by these equipments will not exceed 220V. Therefore, the household electricity is mostly used for Class B electricity and 110V single-phase three-wire supply. How to judge? See if your meter is round? If it is, it is indicated as 110V single-phase three-wire supply. If it is a square electric meter, it is the most common 110V single-phase two-wire supply.
The single-phase three-wire has two fire lines and one water line. The two fire lines are mutually inverted 110V/60Hz. After proper connection, two 100V or one 220V wires can be pulled out separately, of which 110V is used for general electrical appliances. The 220V provides air conditioners and electric water heaters. The reason for using the single-phase three-wire power supply method is mainly to save the loss of the power transmission process. With proper wiring, the two 100V wires pulled out from the two live wires, if the power consumption on both sides is equal, according to the principle of phase offset, the waterline will not generate any current, which means that the waterline can be lowered. Wire diameter can also avoid unnecessary power loss. In other words, if you maintain a constant amount of power consumption in your home, there is an opportunity to save power in the most ideal wiring combination.
Question 6: Where does the power interference come from?
A: I just said that the power sent by Taipower is a perfect 60Hz sine wave, but where does the interference come from? In fact, the most important source of interference still comes from the electricity users themselves. Try to think about how many electrical appliances are in your home? How much interference does this electrical appliance produce when plugged into a plug? Air conditioners, electric fans, fluorescent lamps, etc., are not purely resistive loads. They have inductive reactance and capacitive reactance. As long as they are turned on, they will interfere with the power system and parasitic the noise on the power supply. When the fluorescent lamp is turned on, the sound of "啪啪" will be heard, which is the interference of the fluorescent lamp.
Even if you are very clean and self-love, try not to use other electrical appliances when listening to the sound, and you can't guarantee that the electricity should be clean, because the front end of your meter is still connected with other consumers, and others only need to use electrical equipment. It will also cause interference to you, depending on the situation. If you are lucky, you don't feel it. If you are not lucky, you can't use it unless you apply for a user transformer.
Question 7: How to avoid interference?
A: This is a concern of everyone. How to avoid interference? The most direct and effective way is to isolate. Isolation of interference from others and isolation of interference between appliances in my home. Large-scale electrical equipment and computers are the most prone to interference, they generate high-frequency noise, and also generate power harmonics, which are parasitic in the power system to interfere with other electrical products. If you want to get clean power, it is a good method to use an isolation transformer or a power supply filter. By using the principle of insufficient bandwidth of the transformer, the high-frequency noise is filtered out, and only the lower frequency 60 Hz power is passed, so that the filter can be effectively filtered. In addition to high frequency noise or high frequency power harmonics. But the isolation transformer is not a panacea, please see the next question.
Q8: Is the power filter useful?
A: I am more concerned about this issue than you. If there are too many factors in the home to overcome the interference, is the commercially available power filter useful? Let me talk about the working principle of the power filter. Simply put, the materials used in the power filter are mostly inductors, capacitors, etc., and the capacitors and inductors are assembled into a "low-pass filter" that allows only 60 Hz (or less) frequencies to pass, blocking more than 60 Hz. The signal (or noise), in order to achieve the purpose of filtering out noise.
There are several kinds of power filters, some have voltage regulation function, and have the ability to automatically adjust the output voltage. Different combinations of transformer taps can be used to detect the circuit with relays and connect different taps to achieve immediate adjustment. For the purpose of output voltage, most computer voltage regulators work for this purpose. But please don't forget that when the relay is connected to the tap, it will also generate a surge, which is another kind of interference to the power supply. Also, the characteristic of the low-pass filter is to block the passage of higher frequency signals. If the speed of the power supply of the amplifier is greater than the power supply capability of the low-pass filter, a bottleneck will be formed, which will cause obstacles. For example, a certain power supply filter is very effective for filtering out noises above 60 Hz, but if the amount of current drawn by the amplifier is greater than the power supply capability of the filter, or the expansion machine needs to be faster than 60 Hz, The power filter has become a stumbling block.
In general, the power filter is suitable for equipment that is stable in power consumption and consumes less power, such as sources, preamps, etc., while the power post stage and subwoofer are directly inserted into the wall. In any case, don't think that installing a power filter has a positive effect. Try it yourself.
Question 9: How to prepare an ideal power supply for the sound?
A: Do you build a power plant yourself? Of course it is impossible, but to prepare an ideal power supply is not imagined, as long as it pulls a separate power cord to solve most of the problems, the rest can also rely on the power cord and appropriate props to fine-tune the action . For the method of pulling the power cord , please refer to the topic of the previous issue and the text of this issue. In particular, the power processing in Mr. Cao’s home in this issue can be said to be an ideal implementation. If you really have the heart, you may wish to proceed. Planning and Design. You may not have such good luck. You can use a "pole transformer" alone to get a clean power from Taipower, but if you live in an apartment building, you can at least pull a power supply of at least 22mm square from the meter. The line is used for audio, so that you can do your best. Believe it or not, spending eight thousand yuan to replace an independent power cord is more effective than changing a power cord of 80,000 yuan. Also, please pull a line when you pull the rope, you must pull more than 22mm square, it is very tired to do twice the hard work, do not believe that the water and electricity bank boss said that 3.5mm square is enough.
Q10: Should the source equipment and the latter need to be handled separately?
A: It is best to deal with it separately. The best way is to pull two power cables , one for the source equipment with low power consumption, the front stage, etc., and the other for the power amplifier and subwoofer that consume more power. Wait for use, although the source of the power cord is the same, but still hear the effect. As for the power supply filter after pulling the power cord , please try it yourself. Usually my experience is: as long as there is sufficient power supply, the filter does not necessarily have a positive effect.
Question 11: Do you need a ground wire?
A: Due to the power supply form of Taipower, there is no real ground wire for users to use, so users must prepare their own ground wire. The way and principle of the grounding wire, please refer to the topic description. The grounding method of Mr. Cao's home is not perfect, but it is enough for the audio fans to have a fever. It must also be known before the experiment, so Mr. Cao also designed a grounding switch for this purpose, which is better.
Most of the advanced audio equipment uses a three-hole AC power cord , one of which is the grounding wire. This ground wire is connected to the chassis and is directly connected to the earth (earth) after being conducted by the wires. The biggest advantage after grounding is that the hand touches the surface of the amplifier chassis, and there is no longer a feeling of hemp, which means that the voltage to the ground of the chassis will be very low, so low that it cannot be sensed. From the point of view of safety, grounding is necessary, but from the perspective of sound, whoever is better is not willing to pack tickets.
Question 12: How do the general family ground the line?
A: In fact, one of the single-phase three-wire power lines sent by Taipower has been grounded. However, because the path is too long and there is current, there is a voltage. This voltage will change due to the situation of power consumption. I measured it at home with an AC meter, with a minimum of about 1V and a maximum of 6V. If you use this water line to ground, you can also achieve the grounding effect, but it is best to install an AC voltmeter to observe the AC voltage at any time. However, from a safety point of view, it is still not recommended. It is also not recommended to connect water pipes or to connect steel bars in buildings, as it is easy to introduce other disturbances, such as lightning strikes, or other electrical leakage, and it is easy to conduct to the audio equipment through the ground wire.
Question 13: Can grounding avoid interference?
A: The answer is not absolutely certain. If your grounding is not thorough enough and not careful enough, it will bring disadvantages and introduce other people's noise into the audio equipment. The purpose of grounding can be roughly divided into two categories, one is safety grounding for safety considerations, and the other is signal grounding. The former is usually used in large-scale machinery, such as washing machines, motors, etc., when the leakage phenomenon occurs, the power can be transmitted to the earth by the conduction of the ground wire to protect the safety of personnel. The latter is to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the equipment or instrument and ground the circuit to reduce noise.
If the grounding of the equipment is connected to the steel bars or metal water pipes of the building, there is no guarantee that others will be grounded as well. If the ground of the audio equipment shares the same grounding with the washing machine of others, the result will only be worse and will not be better. Therefore, it is not recommended to use the audio equipment. It is very unsanitary to connect the building's steel bars or water pipes. In addition, the ground wire will be conductive, it will also bring noise, share the grounding with others, nothing will be embarrassing, and some things will also introduce other people's noise into the sound system, it is better not to be grounded.
Question 14: Does the cable need to be shock-proof?
A: The heavy cable, can in fact be seen as a part of the sound of the power cord, the power cord should be noted that since the audio material and shock, cables should also pay attention to this phenomenon. Taipower's power distribution station, because the length of the transmitted cable is quite long, the cable swayed with the wind on the pole, and the cables between the two cables will be induced by each other, resulting in low frequency oscillation; if the two cables are transmitted in parallel, They create a capacitive effect and become a condenser microphone. Although these phenomena will not be transmitted from the speaker, the audio-visual equipment in the Taipower Power Distribution Station is quite clear. To be the best, in the path through which the cable travels, the contact points can be covered with foam, and the two cables should not be parallel as much as possible, so that the noise can be reduced even lower.
in conclusion:
The problems concerning the power supply are extensive, and each family naturally has its own unique explanations and arguments. However, basically, the power supply should try to maintain the principle of sufficient power, stable voltage, low parasitic noise, thousands of methods, and equipment for processing power. There are also a lot of things, as long as these principles can be achieved, there will be positive help for audio equipment.
Recently, I went to an audio fan to listen to the sound. He paid great attention to the power problem. All the audio equipments were processed using a commercially available power filter, trying to create the cleanest power supply for the audio equipment. As a result, I took a very harsh fever film and went to the test. I found that the large dynamics and the fragments of the extremely low frequency appeared. The indicator light of the amplifier was even darkened or even extinguished. Obviously, this is due to the output of large current. Insufficient power supply, resulting in a drop in equipment voltage, the equipment itself is not fed, how many filters have effect? That is just a bottleneck to increase the power supply. After the incident, the audio fan changed two 38mm square cables according to my suggestion. Since then, no matter how loud the volume is, the indicator light does not flash. This is the fundamental problem.
Question 1: Why does the light flash when the sound is turned on?
A: This is because when the audio equipment is turned on, due to the large capacity capacitor inside the equipment, it is in a no-load discharge state before shutting down. When the power switch is pressed, the capacitor immediately draws power from the transformer, because the current drawn is very large (called The charging current), so that the power suddenly drops, the fluorescent lamp will naturally darken.
In the general post stage, as long as the sum of the filter capacitors exceeds 20,000μF, this phenomenon occurs when the power is turned on. Therefore, some well-designed high-power amplifiers have a "buffer circuit" when they are turned on, which means that they will be buffered by a large cement resistor during startup, allowing the internal capacitor to be slowly charged. After a while (about a few seconds) The relay is turned on, so that it can protect the fuse from being blown up at once, or avoid the trouble of flashing the lamp.
Question 2: Is the power supply of Taipower really bad?
A: When everyone encounters unstable power supply, it will always be blamed on Taipower before saying anything about the three seven twenty-one. If you understand the people of Taipower, you will definitely defend it vigorously and make a reasonable explanation. In fact, there is no problem with the power supply of Taipower. The phenomenon of unstable power is caused by interference during the distribution process.
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问七：如何é¿å…干扰？
ç”：这是大家所关切的问题，如何é¿å…å¹²æ‰°ï¼Ÿæœ€ç›´æŽ¥æœ‰æ•ˆçš„æ–¹æ³•å°±æ˜¯éš”ç¦»ã€‚éš”ç¦»åˆ«äººå¯¹ä½ çš„å¹²æ‰°ï¼Œéš”ç¦»è‡ªå·±å®¶ä¸ç”µå™¨å½¼æ¤é—´çš„干扰。大型用电设备以åŠç”µè„‘最容易产生干扰，它们会产生高频æ‚讯，也会产生电æºè°æ³¢ï¼Œå¯„生在电力系统ä¸å¹²æ‰°å…¶ä»–电器产å“。如果è¦èŽ·å¾—乾净的电力，使用隔离å˜åŽ‹å™¨æˆ–电æºæ»¤æ³¢å™¨æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªå¥½æ–¹æ³•ï¼Œåˆ©ç”¨å˜åŽ‹å™¨é¢‘宽ä¸è¶³çš„原ç†ï¼Œæ»¤é™¤é«˜é¢‘æ‚讯，åªè®©é¢‘率较低的60Hz电力通过，如æ¤å³å¯æœ‰æ•ˆæ»¤é™¤é«˜é¢‘æ‚讯或频率较高的电æºè°æ³¢ã€‚但隔离å˜åŽ‹å™¨ä¹Ÿå¹¶éžä¸‡çµä¸¹ï¼Œè¯·è§ä¸‹é¢˜åˆ†æ™“。
问八：电æºæ»¤æ³¢å™¨æœ‰ç”¨å—？
ç”ï¼šæˆ‘æ¯”ä½ è¿˜å…³åˆ‡è¿™ä¸ªé—®é¢˜ï¼Œå¦‚æžœå®¶ä¸æœ‰å¤ªå¤šå› ç´ æ— æ³•å…‹æœå¹²æ‰°ï¼Œå¸‚售的电æºæ»¤æ³¢å™¨æœ‰ç”¨å—？先说说电æºæ»¤æ³¢å™¨çš„工作原ç†ã€‚简å•çš„讲，电æºæ»¤æ³¢å™¨æ‰€ä½¿ç”¨çš„æ料多为电感ã€ç”µå®¹ç‰æ料，将电容与电感组装æˆä¸€ä¸ªã€Œä½Žé€šæ»¤æ³¢å™¨ã€ï¼Œåªè®©60Hzå·¦å³ï¼ˆæˆ–以下）的频率通过，å³å¯é˜»æŒ¡60Hz以上的讯å·ï¼ˆæˆ–称为æ‚讯），进而达到滤除æ‚讯的目的。
电æºæ»¤æ³¢å™¨æœ‰å¥½å‡ ç§ï¼Œæœ‰çš„有附设稳压功能，并且具有自动调节输出电压的能力，利用å˜åŽ‹å™¨æŠ½å¤´ä¸åŒçš„æé…组åˆï¼Œä»¥ä¾¦æµ‹ç”µè·¯é…åˆç»§ç”µå™¨ï¼Œè¿žæŽ¥ä¸åŒçš„抽头，å³å¯è¾¾åˆ°å³æ—¶è°ƒæ•´è¾“出电压的目的，大多数的电脑用稳压器皆为æ¤å·¥ä½œåŽŸç†ã€‚但请别忘了，继电器连接抽头的瞬间，也会产生çªæ³¢ï¼Œè¿™å¯¹ç”µæºåˆæ˜¯å¦ä¸€ç§å¹²æ‰°ã€‚还有，低通滤波器的特性，就是阻挡较高频率的讯å·é€šè¿‡ï¼Œå¦‚果扩大机对电力供应需求的速度大过低通滤波器的供电能力，则会形æˆä¸€ä¸ªç“¶é¢ˆï¼Œåè€Œé€ æˆé˜»ç¢ã€‚例如：æŸæŸç”µæºæ»¤æ³¢å™¨å¯¹æ–¼æ»¤é™¤60Hz以上的æ‚讯éžå¸¸æœ‰æ•ˆï¼Œä½†å¦‚æžœæ¤æ—¶æ‰©å¤§æœºæŠ½å–的电æµé‡å¤§è¿‡æ»¤æ³¢å™¨çš„供电能力，或扩大机需è¦å¿«è¿‡æ–¼60Hz以上的供电速度，电æºæ»¤æ³¢å™¨å而æˆä¸ºç»Šè„šçŸ³ã€‚
一般而言，电æºæ»¤æ³¢å™¨é€‚用於用电稳定ã€ç”µåŠ›æ¶ˆè€—较å°çš„器æ，如讯æºã€å‰çº§ç‰ï¼Œè€ŒåŠŸçŽ‡å¾Œçº§åŠè¶…低音，则直接æ’在墙å£ä¸Šä¸ºä½³ã€‚æ— è®ºå¦‚ä½•ï¼Œä¸è¦ä»¥ä¸ºåŠ 装电æºæ»¤æ³¢å™¨å°±æœ‰æ£é¢æ•ˆæžœï¼Œè‡ªå·±è¯•è¯•çœ‹æœ€é‡è¦ã€‚
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ç”：自己盖一座电厂å—？当然ä¸å¯èƒ½ï¼Œä¸è¿‡è¦å‡†å¤‡ä¸€å¥—ç†æƒ³çš„电æºå€’没有想åƒä¸çš„困难，åªè¦ä¸ºå®ƒæ‹‰ä¸€æ¡ç‹¬ç«‹çš„电æºçº¿å°±è§£å†³äº†å¤§åŠé—®é¢˜ï¼Œå‰©ä¸‹çš„还å¯ä»¥é 电æºçº¿åŠé€‚当的å°é“具进行微调的动作。关於拉电æºçº¿çš„方法，请å‚阅上一期的专题以åŠæœ¬æœŸçš„内文，尤其是这一期的曹先生家ä¸çš„电æºå¤„ç†ï¼Œå¯ä»¥è¯´æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªç†æƒ³çš„实现，如果您真的有心，ä¸å¦¨è¿›è¡Œè§„划设计。您也许没有那麽好的è¿æ°”å¯ä»¥ç‹¬è‡ªä½¿ç”¨ä¸€ä¸ªã€Œæ†ä¸Šå˜åŽ‹å™¨ã€ï¼Œç›´æŽ¥èŽ·å¾—从å°ç”µæ¥çš„乾净电æºï¼Œä½†å¦‚果您ä½åœ¨å…¬å¯“大厦，最起ç 也å¯ä»¥ä»Žç”µè¡¨å¤„拉一æ¡è‡³å°‘22mm平方以上的电æºçº¿ç»™éŸ³å“ä½¿ç”¨ï¼Œè¿™æ ·ä¸€æ¥å°±è¯´å¾—上尽心尽力了。信ä¸ä¿¡ï¼ŒèŠ±å…«åƒå…ƒæ¢è£…一æ¡ç‹¬ç«‹ç”µæºçº¿ ，比æ¢ä¸€æ¡å…«ä¸‡å…ƒçš„电æºçº¿è¿˜æœ‰å®žè´¨æ•ˆæžœã€‚还有，拉线时请一鼓作气，一定è¦æ‹‰22mm平方以上的，苦差事åšä¸¤æ¬¡æ˜¯å¾ˆç´¯çš„，åƒä¸‡åˆ«ç›¸ä¿¡æ°´ç”µè¡Œè€æ¿è¯´3.5mm平方就够用了。
é—®å：讯æºå™¨æ与後级需è¦åˆ†å¼€å¤„ç†å—？
ç”：最好是分开处ç†ï¼Œæœ€å¥½çš„方法是拉两æ¡ç”µæºçº¿ ，一æ¡ç»™æ¶ˆè€—电力较å°çš„讯æºå™¨æã€å‰çº§ç‰ä½¿ç”¨ï¼Œå¦ä¸€æ¡åˆ™ç»™æ¶ˆè€—电力较大的功率扩大机ã€è¶…低音ç‰ä½¿ç”¨ï¼Œè™½ç„¶ç”µæºçº¿çš„æºå¤´éƒ½æ˜¯åŒä¸€æ¡ï¼Œä½†ä»ç„¶å¬å¾—出效果。至於拉了电æºçº¿ä¹‹å¾Œè¿˜éœ€ä¸éœ€è¦ç”µæºæ»¤æ³¢å™¨ï¼Œåˆ™è¯·è‡ªè¡Œè¯•è¯•çœ‹ï¼Œé€šå¸¸æˆ‘çš„ç»éªŒæ˜¯ï¼šåªè¦æœ‰å……足的电力供应，滤波器ä¸ä¸€å®šæœ‰æ£é¢æ•ˆæžœã€‚
é—®å一：需ä¸éœ€è¦æŽ¥åœ°çº¿ï¼Ÿ
ç”：由於å°ç”µçš„供电形å¼ï¼Œå¹¶æ²¡æœ‰çœŸæ£çš„地线给用户使用，所以用户必须自行准备地线。接地线的方å¼ä»¥åŠåŽŸåˆ™ï¼Œè¯·å‚阅专题内文说明，曹先生家ä¸çš„接地方å¼ï¼Œè™½ç„¶æ— 法称得上最完美，但对於音å“è¿·æ¥è¯´å·²ç»å¤Ÿå‘烧，接与ä¸æŽ¥å“ªä¸ªå¥½ï¼Ÿä¹Ÿå¿…须实验æ‰çŸ¥é“ï¼Œå› æ¤æ›¹å…ˆç”Ÿä¹Ÿä¸ºæ¤è®¾è®¡äº†ä¸€ä¸ªæŽ¥åœ°å¼€å…³ï¼Œæµ‹è¯•ä½•è€…为佳。
高级的音å“器æ大多使用三å”AC 电æºçº¿ ，其ä¸ä¸€æ¡å°±æ˜¯æŽ¥åœ°çº¿ï¼Œè¿™æ¡åœ°çº¿ä¸Žæœºç®±è¿žæŽ¥ï¼Œç»è¿‡ç”µçº¿ä¼ 导之後直接与大地（地çƒï¼‰è¿žæŽ¥ã€‚接地之後的最大好处是：手摸扩大机机箱表é¢ï¼Œä¸ä¼šå†æœ‰éº»éº»çš„感觉，也就是说机箱的对地电压会éžå¸¸ä½Žï¼Œä½Žåˆ°æ— 法感电。从安全的度æ¥çœ‹ï¼ŒæŽ¥åœ°æ˜¯æœ‰å¿…è¦çš„，但从声音的角度æ¥çœ‹ï¼Œä½•è€…为佳è°ä¹Ÿä¸æ•¢æ‰“包票。
é—®å二：一般家åºå¦‚何接地线？
ç”：其实å°ç”µé€æ¥çš„å•ç›¸ä¸‰çº¿ç”µåŠ›çº¿å½“ä¸ï¼Œå…¶ä¸ä¸€æ¡å·²ç»æŽ¥åœ°ï¼Œä½†ç”±æ–¼è·¯å¾„è¿‡é•¿åŠ ä¸Šæœ‰ç”µæµé€šè¿‡ï¼Œå› æ¤å¤šå°‘å˜åœ¨ç€ç”µåŽ‹ï¼Œè¿™ä¸ªç”µåŽ‹ä¼šå› 为用电的情形改å˜ï¼Œè€Œéšç€å‡é™ã€‚我在家ä¸ä»¥AC电表测é‡ï¼Œæœ€ä½Žæ—¶çº¦1V，最高时为6V。如果利用这æ¡æ°´çº¿æŽ¥åœ°ï¼Œä¹Ÿå¯ä»¥è¾¾åˆ°æŽ¥åœ°çš„æ•ˆæžœï¼Œä½†æœ€å¥½åŠ è£…ä¸€ä¸ªAC电压表，éšæ—¶è§‚察AC电压。但就安全的观点æ¥çœ‹ï¼Œä»ç„¶ä¸å»ºè®®ä½¿ç”¨ã€‚连接水管或连接建ç‘物钢ç‹çš„æ–¹å¼ä¹Ÿä¸å»ºè®®ï¼Œå› 为这容易导入其他干扰，例如雷击时，或其他电器æ¼ç”µæ—¶ï¼Œä¹Ÿå®¹æ˜“è—‰ç”±åœ°çº¿ä¼ å¯¼åˆ°éŸ³å“器æ。
é—®å三：接地就能é¿å…干扰å—？
ç”：ç”案ä¸æ˜¯ç»å¯¹è‚¯å®šçš„，如果您接地接得ä¸å¤Ÿå½»åº•ã€ä¸å¤Ÿå°å¿ƒï¼Œå而会带æ¥å处，将别人的æ‚讯导入音å“器æ里。接地的目的大致å¯åˆ†æˆä¸¤ç±»ï¼Œå…¶ä¸€æ˜¯å®‰å…¨è€ƒé‡çš„电力接地，其一则是讯å·æŽ¥åœ°ã€‚å‰è€…通常用於大型机械，例如洗衣机ã€é©¬è¾¾ç‰ï¼Œå½“产生æ¼ç”µçŽ°è±¡æ—¶ï¼Œå¯ä»¥è—‰ç”±åœ°çº¿çš„ä¼ å¯¼ï¼Œå°†ç”µåŠ›ä¼ å¯¼è‡³å¤§åœ°ï¼Œä»¥ä¿æŠ¤äººå‘˜çš„安全。後者则为æå‡å™¨æ或仪器的讯噪比，将电路接地，以é™ä½Žæ‚讯。
将器æ接地连接在建ç‘物钢ç‹æˆ–金属水管上，ä¸èƒ½ä¿è¯åˆ«äººä¹Ÿå¦‚æ¤æŽ¥åœ°ï¼Œå¦‚果音å“器æ的地与别人的洗衣机共用åŒä¸€ä¸ªæŽ¥åœ°ï¼Œç»“æžœåªä¼šæ›´åä¸ä¼šå˜å¥½ï¼Œå› æ¤ä¸å»ºè®®å°†éŸ³å“器æ以连接建ç‘物钢ç‹æˆ–水管的方å¼ï¼Œé‚£æ˜¯éžå¸¸ä¸å«ç”Ÿçš„。å¦å¤–，地线既会导电，也会带æ¥æ‚讯，与别人共用接地，没事则矣，有事则将别人的æ‚讯也导入音å“系统，æ¤æ—¶ä¸å¦‚ä¸æŽ¥åœ°ã€‚
é—®å四：电缆线需è¦é¿éœ‡å—？
ç”：粗é‡çš„电缆线，其实也å¯ä»¥è§†ä¸ºéŸ³å“电æºçº¿çš„一部份，既然音å“电æºçº¿è¦æ³¨æ„æè´¨åŠé¿éœ‡ï¼Œç”µç¼†çº¿ä¹Ÿåº”该注æ„æ¤çŽ°è±¡ã€‚å°ç”µå…¬å¸çš„é…ç”µæ‰€ï¼Œç”±æ–¼ä¼ è¾“çš„ç”µç¼†é•¿åº¦ç›¸å½“è¿œï¼Œç”µç¼†åœ¨ç”µçº¿æ†ä¸Šéšé£Žæ™ƒæ¥æ™ƒåŽ»ï¼Œå½¼æ¤ç”µç¼†é—´ä¹Ÿä¼šå› 为互相感应，而产生低频震è¡ï¼›å¦‚果两æ¡ç”µç¼†å¹³è¡Œä¼ é€ï¼Œä¹Ÿä¼šå½¼æ¤äº§ç”Ÿç”µå®¹æ•ˆåº”，而å˜æˆç”µå®¹å¼éº¦å…‹é£Žï¼Œè¿™äº›çŽ°è±¡è™½ç„¶ä¸ä¼šä»Žå–‡åä¸ä¼ 出，但å°ç”µé…电所里的鉴å¬è®¾å¤‡å´å¬å¾—相当清楚。è¦åšåˆ°æœ€å¥½ï¼Œç”µç¼†è¡Œç»çš„路径ä¸ï¼ŒæŽ¥è§¦ç‚¹å¯ä»¥ä»¥æ³¡ç»µåŒ…覆，两æ¡ç”µç¼†å°½é‡ä¸è¦å¹³è¡Œï¼Œè¿™æ ·å°±å¯ä»¥å°†æ‚讯é™å¾—更低。
in conclusion:
关於电æºçš„问题牵涉广泛，å„家自然有其独特的解释与说法，但基本上，电æºä¾›åº”应该尽é‡ä¿æŒç”µåŠ›å……足ã€ç”µåŽ‹ç¨³å®šã€å¯„生æ‚讯低的处ç†åŽŸåˆ™ï¼Œæ–¹æ³•åƒç™¾ç§ï¼Œå¤„ç†ç”µæºçš„器æ也比比皆是，åªè¦èƒ½å¤Ÿè¾¾åˆ°è¿™äº›åŽŸåˆ™ï¼Œå¯¹éŸ³å“器æ就有æ£é¢çš„帮助。
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