1, remote control articles
What is a channel?
The channel is the number of action paths that can be controlled by the remote control. For example, the remote control can only control four axes to fly up and down, then it is one channel. However, the number of motion paths that the four axes need to control during the control process are: up and down, left and right, front and rear, and rotation, so the minimum of 4 channels of remote control. If you want to play aerial photography later, you need more remote controls.
What is the Japanese hand and the American hand?
The position of the throttle on the remote control is the Japanese hand on the right and the American hand on the left. The so-called remote control throttle controls the supply current in the quadcopter. The current is large, the motor rotates fast, and the fly is high and the power is high. The opposite is true. It is very simple to judge the throttle of the remote control. Among the two joysticks of the remote control, the one that does not automatically return to the middle after the upper and lower plates move is the throttle stick.
2, flight control board articles
The purpose of flight control?
The most complicated part of a quadcopter compared to a conventional model is the electronics. The reason why it can fly very stable is that the electronic control part can quickly adjust the four-axis flight state. In conventional fixed-wing aircraft, the gyroscope is not a commonly used device. On a straight machine that is relatively difficult to control, if the automatic stabilization system is not used, the gyroscope is only used for the lock tail. The four-axis aircraft is different from the place where it must be equipped with a gyroscope. This is the most basic requirement, otherwise it will not be able to fly, let alone fly. Not only must it have to have 3 axial (X, Y, Z), which is determined by the mechanical structure and dynamic composition of the quadcopter. On this basis, supplemented by a 3-axis acceleration sensor, these six degrees of freedom form the basic part of flight attitude stability, and also the key core part---inertial navigation module, referred to as IMU. The attitude sensing in flight depends on this IMU, which shows that it is the core component of the whole model.
What is x mode and + mode? To put it bluntly, when the aircraft is facing you, it is X-shaped or +-shaped. It has been introduced before the four-axis principle. + mode, and if it is X mode, the advance requires two simultaneous accelerations, and the first two decelerate at the same time. It is said that the stability of the X mode is higher than the stability of the + mode.
Note: Considering that the gyroscope installed on the flight control board is fixed, the installation direction of the flight control board is different if the mode is different.
3, ESC articles
Why do you need an ESC?
The function of the ESC is to convert the control signal of the flight control board into the magnitude of the current to control the speed of the motor.
The centrifugal force of the four propellers when the four propellers rotate is dispersed. Unlike a straight machine paddle, there is only one inertial centrifugal force that produces concentrated centrifugal force to form a gyro-like nature, keeping the fuselage from easily flipping off. Therefore, the servo control signal that is usually used is updated at a low frequency. In order to respond quickly to the drift caused by the attitude change, the four axes require an ESC with a high response speed. The update speed of the conventional PPM ESC is only about 50 Hz, which does not meet the speed required for such control, and the PPM ESC MCU has built-in PID steady speed control can provide smooth speed change characteristics for conventional aircraft models. It is not suitable for use on four axes. The four axes require fast-reacting motor speed changes. With high-speed dedicated ESC, the IIC bus interface transmits control signals, which can reach hundreds of thousands of motor revolutions per second. In four-axis flight, the attitude can be kept stable. Even if it is suddenly shocked by external forces, it is still safe and sound.
How big is the ESC?
The number of A will be marked by the ESC, such as 20a, 40a. This number is the current that the ESC can provide. The high current ESC is compatible with small currents. Small current ESC cannot be used beyond the standard.
According to my simple test, the maximum motor current of the new Xinda 2212 plus 1045 pulp is likely to reach 5a. For the sake of safety, it is recommended to use 30a or 40a ESC in this way, saying that you can buy a larger one and use it elsewhere.
What does electro-optic programming mean?
The first thing to note is that the ESC has many functional modes. Selecting this function is to program the ESC.
The programming method can directly connect the ESC to the throttle output channel of the remote control receiver (usually 3 channels). According to the manual, it can be set by moving the joystick on the remote controller. This method is troublesome but saves. In addition, it can also be set by the manufacturer's programming card (need to be purchased separately), the method is simple, no need to connect the remote control.
In order to be insured, it is necessary to set the ESC to be consistent, otherwise it will be difficult to control. For example, the startup mode of the ESC is not the same, then some of them are going very fast, and some are still very slow, which is a problem.
Note: To set the ESC through the remote control, be sure to connect the motor, because the sound of the “Drip†type mentioned in the manual is sent by the motor. I started because I didn't have a motor, and I wondered why I didn't have a sound. I thought it was broken.
The ESC is usually placed under the slurry to facilitate heat dissipation.
4. Brushless motor and propeller
The motor is divided into a brush motor and a brushless motor. Don't buy the wrong one. The brushless is the mainstream of the four axes. It is powerful and durable.
What is the model type of the motor?
I often see what people say about 2212 motors, 2018 motors, etc. What exactly does this mean? This is actually the size of the motor.
No matter what brand of motor, it must correspond to 4 digits of this type, the first 2 digits are the diameter of the rotor of the motor, and the second 2 digits are the height of the rotor of the motor. Note that it is not a shell.
Simply put, the larger the front 2 bits, the more fat the motor, the bigger the 2nd position, the higher the motor. The high and large motor has more power and is suitable for the big four axis. Usually the 2212 motor is the most common configuration.
What is the motor kv value?
Each brushless motor will mark the number of kv. This kv is the idling speed per minute corresponding to the 1v voltage. For example: 1000kv motor, plus 1v voltage, the motor rotates 1000rpm every minute when idling, plus 2v voltage, the motor idling 2000 Sended.
What is the meaning of the paddle?
Similar to the motor, the paddle also has four digits of å•¥1045, 7040, the front two represent the diameter of the paddle (unit: inch 1 inch = 0.0254 m). The latter two are the angle of the paddle.
What is a positive and negative paddle, why do you need it? Four-axis flight In order to offset the spin of the propeller, the direction of rotation of the paddles is different, so you need positive and negative paddles. The winds of the positive and negative blades are blowing downwards. Suitable for clockwise rotation is called positive slurry, and it is suitable for counter-clockwise rotation. When installing, be sure to remember that the front side of the word is upward (the rounded side of the blade should be in the same direction as the motor).
The larger the propeller with the motor and the propeller, the greater the lift, but the greater the force required to drive;
The higher the propeller speed, the greater the lift;
The smaller the kv of the motor, the greater the rotational force;
In summary, a large propeller requires a low-kv motor, and a small propeller requires a high-kv motor (because the speed is required to compensate for the lack of lift)
If the high kv has a large paddle and the power is not enough, then it is very difficult. Actually, it is still vulgar operation, and the motor and ESC are easy to burn.
If the low kv has a small paddle, there is no problem at all, but the lift is not enough, which may result in the inability to take off.
For example: commonly used 1000kv motor with 10 inch paddle.
5. Battery and charger articles
Why choose a lithium battery?
The same battery capacity is the lightest and the highest take-off efficiency.
What is the meaning of the battery when the mah?
Indicates battery capacity, such as 1000mah battery, if discharged at 1000ma, it can be discharged for 1 hour. If discharged at 500mh, it can be discharged for 2 hours.
What do you mean by 2s, 3s, 4s behind the battery?
Representing the number of lithium batteries, the standard voltage of the lithium battery is 3.7v, then the 2s battery means that there are 2 3.7v batteries inside, the voltage is 7.4v.
What is the meaning of c behind the battery?
Representing the battery discharge capacity, this is the most important difference between a normal lithium battery and a power lithium battery. The power lithium battery requires a large current discharge. This discharge capacity is expressed by C. If the 1000mah battery standard is 5c, then with 5x1000mah, the battery can be discharged at a current intensity of 5000mh.
This is very important. If you use a low-c battery and discharge a large current, the battery will be quickly damaged or even self-ignited.
How much does c fast charge mean?
This is the same as c above, just turning the discharge into a charge, such as 1000mah battery, 2c fast charge, it means that you can charge with 2000ma current. Therefore, do not use a large current, and charge the battery beyond the specified parameters. The battery is easily damaged.
How to match the battery?
This is related to the selected motor, propeller, and desired flight time.
The larger the capacity, the higher the c, the more s, the heavier the battery;
The basic principle is to use large paddles, because the overall power is high, and the self-lift is large. In order to ensure playable time, high-capacity, high-c, 3s or more batteries can be selected. The minimum recommended is 1500mah, 20c, 3s.
Small four-axis, because its own lift is limited, the overall power is not high, you can consider small capacity, small c, 3s or less battery. (has not played, no advice)
What does balancing charging mean?
Such as 3s battery, the internal is 3 lithium batteries, because of the manufacturing process, there is no way to ensure that each battery is completely consistent, the charging and discharging characteristics are different, in the case of battery in series, it is easy to discharge as usual or overcharge, charging Not full, etc., so the solution is to charge the internal single battery separately. Power lithium battery has 2 sets of lines, 1 set is the output line (2), 1 set is a single-cell lithium lead (related to the s number), according to the instructions when charging, are inserted into the charger, you can balance the charge .
6. Rack articles
Is there any requirement for the length of the shaft of the rack?
In theory, as long as the four propellers do not fight, it is necessary to consider that the turbulent flow between the propellers due to the rotation affects each other. It is recommended not to be too close, otherwise the efficiency will be affected. This is one of the reasons why the four-bladed propeller is more than the three-bladed propeller for four-axis propellers (there is still a disadvantage of the three-leaf, the balance is not good).
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