Brief description: China LED lighting industry structure chain and development trend

The threshold of the LED industry chain is gradually reduced year after year. The upstream is a monolithic chip and crystal, the middle is an LED chip, and the downstream is package testing and application. The upstream and middle reaches of the industry are characterized by fierce international competition, the most commercial risks, the most scientific and technological content, and huge financial support. In the entire chain, the upstream LED chip and its chip epitaxy industry account for 70% of the profits of the entire industry, and the package accounts for 10%-20%, and the LED application accounts for 10%-20%.

LED is a semiconductor that converts electrical energy into light energy and emits invisible light such as visible light and infrared light, and ultraviolet light. Compared to small light bulbs, LEDs use low operating voltage and operating current, have high stability, long life, and easy adjustment.

In the global energy crisis, energy saving, environmental protection, and miniaturization are increasingly becoming the focus of the environment, LED semiconductor lighting technology with long life, rich colors and other characteristics, is being widely adopted as the main way to save energy. Under the same lighting effect, semiconductor light bulbs use LED as a new type of light source, which consumes only 1/10 of the energy of traditional incandescent lamps and has a lifetime that is 100 times that of traditional incandescent lamps. Global LED industry in Japan, Taiwan, Europe, the Americas, South Korea, and China have different levels of infiltration. Japan enjoys a 50% share and holds the ears of the global LED industry.

After 30 years of development, the LED industry has formed a relatively complete industrial chain in mainland China covering LED substrates, wafers, chip packaging and chip applications. By the end of 2010, more than 1,000 LED-related companies have been established in mainland China. These companies are mainly engaged in downstream packaging and application areas, and their capabilities in R&D and chip expansion are lagging behind.

From the perspective of the industry chain, the middle and upper reaches of the LED industry have a strong dependence on capital. Although many companies in 2010 expressed their desire to invest in the development of LED projects, they eventually maintained a wait-and-see attitude. In mainland China, the number of upstream manufacturers occupies a very small proportion. The long-term supply of chip products is in short supply, and the backlog of package manufacturers' orders has always existed. In the middle reaches of the industry, at the current stage, it is limited by the threshold of science and technology and finance. It is relatively backward in China, and low-level packaging can basically meet the needs of domestic application fields without the need for substantial investment. Downstream of the industry, different areas of application show different characteristics, and investment overheating is temporary. Many domestic companies use long-term investments to face excessive competition. It is predicted that from 2011 to 2012, these companies will face a period of deteriorating competition.

Although China's overall LED industry does not have the advantages of advanced technology and international market share, the domestic market conditions facilitate the LED industry to create a good development opportunities in the middle and lower reaches. LED domestic demand is strong, such as airports, high-speed construction and government projects. With the continuous improvement of lighting efficiency and technology, LED applications have extended from the traditional indicator to the display, traffic lights, backlight, car lights, panoramic lighting and other fields, the development trend is very rich.

In recent years, the Chinese government has attached great importance to the development of the LED lighting industry. Ma Songde, deputy minister of the Ministry of Science and Technology, once stated that the solid-state lighting industry is concentrated in the United States, Europe, Japan, and Asia, South Korea and Taiwan. The mainland China will soon have its own high-end LED production capacity and R&D institutions. But this requires international collaboration and support.

The organizer of PCIM-Asia, an international power electronics fair, also told us that this year, LED has collected papers submitted by companies and universities from all over the world, including Fairchild’s “Low Power Lamps,” as an independent paper section. "Controlled dimmer design", Fairchild's "A new type of single-stage PFC topology for primary-side regulation of LED power supplies" and "Research and implementation of high-efficiency and accurate LED continuous control drivers". Universities include the Simulation and Design of a Two-way Controllable Dimmer with Passive Liquid Crystal Valley-Fill Rectifier from Taiwan National Chiao-Tung University, and “An Improved LED Dimming Circuit with Improved Utilization” from Taiwan National Taipei University of Technology. . In particular, we also see that LED as a global hot topic is receiving the attention of researchers.

In March 2011, a 9-magnitude earthquake on the Richter scale occurred in Japan and the electronics industry was affected. For example, the LED industry is an important R&D base for global LED chips in Jiangmen. The impact of the earthquake on the entire LED industry has attracted the attention of the industry. According to reports, in the short term, the impact of the earthquake on the electronics industry is not yet obvious. Each downstream manufacturer generally has 1 to 2 months of inventory, but if the situation of the earthquake cannot be recovered, the impact of the finished product price after June will be met. More obvious. At present, China does not have the core technology. Most domestic companies rely on his technology for production and processing. After the earthquake, the supply chain breaks down, which will lead to the collapse of the domestic downstream industry.

As a vane of the power electronics industry, PCIM-Asia provides a good communication platform for the domestic LED industry. It provides the possibility of access to foreign core technologies and responds to the government's call. It provides international cooperation and support for the vigorous development of China's LED industry. Our mastery of core technologies will be the most important issue in the coming years and the only way to get rid of dependence on technological power.