Whether it is NB-IoT/eMTC based on licensed spectrum or LoRa or Sigfox based on unlicensed spectrum, one of the core functions of these low-power wide-area networks (LPWAN) is the transmission of the perceived data of "things". The data basically has the characteristics of "small packet, low frequency". As early as the beginning of 2016, the author visited Liao Yuanshi, the chairman of Beijing Boda Guangtong Co., to discuss the characteristics of low-power wide-area networks. Liao always suggested that you can use different weapons such as pistols, submachine guns, heavy machine guns and sniper rifles in the battlefield. The different communication methods of the terrestrial type than the Internet of Things. This analogy is based on the understanding of the Internet of Things data transmission, while the data transmitted through the low-power wide-area network, although currently can not produce the "big data" function, but has a direct impact on the user's production and operation.
Various "weapons" on the Internet of Things
As described by Boda Guangtong Liao, regarding the role of low-power wide-area networks in the IoT communication layer, we can visually use the various weapons on the battlefield to make analogies. The firearms commonly used on the battlefield play different roles in the battle. All kinds of firearms can cooperate to achieve all-round firepower, and the various connection methods of the Internet of Things communication layer can just compare with the firearms. For example, pistols, Submachine guns, heavy machine guns, and sniper rifles can be compared to Bluetooth, WiFi, 4G, low-power wide-area networks:
(1) Pistol and Bluetooth: On the battlefield, pistols are mostly used for melee and self-defense. Generally, the effective killing distance is about 50 meters. Of course, it cannot form high-frequency fire suppression, mainly in close range low frequency but accurate lethality. This can be analogized with Bluetooth in the communication mode, because Bluetooth generally has a very short effective distance and limited data transmission rate, but the point-to-point approach in the close distance ensures the validity of data transmission, just like a close-up point-to-point shooting of a pistol. The same as lethality.
(2) Submachine gun and WiFi: The submachine gun is a single-armed melee weapon that can suddenly fire, has a high rate of fire, and has a high firepower. It is suitable for melee or charge. However, due to the small power of the bullet, the effective range is relatively close, generally only 200-300. Meters have limited effective coverage and poor shooting accuracy. WiFi can be seen as a "submachine gun" in the IoT communication layer. It allows people to experience higher network speeds, just like the speed of fire and firepower of a submachine gun, but the effective coverage is limited, so it is only suitable for LAN connection.
(3) Heavy machine guns and 4G: Heavy machine guns are used as heavy weapons on the battlefield. They have good long-range shooting accuracy and firepower persistence, and can easily implement overshoot, clearance, and scattered shooting. It is mainly used to annihilate and suppress enemy groups within 1000 meters. It has a unique target and a fire point. The typical features are long range and strong firepower. This is similar to the existing 4G high-speed mobile network, which can realize high-speed bandwidth, and can realize a long transmission distance, and is suitable for connection of devices for wide-area and large-data transmission.
(4) Sniper rifles and low-power wide-area networks: There is also a sniper rifle on the battlefield. It has high shooting accuracy, long distance and good reliability. It is mainly used to combat high-value military targets. Such as commanders, vehicle drivers, machine gunners, etc., the effective range can reach more than 1000 meters, and can even destroy the other 2 kilometers of light protection targets. However, sniper rifles are generally only point-to-point shots. Firepower is not an advantage, but the average lethality is absolutely the highest. A low-power wide-area network is similar to this weapon, with a long transmission distance and a low bandwidth, but each time it sends a device-aware valid data, just like a small shot of a sniper rifle can effectively hit important targets. .
Direct business contacts brought by the Internet of Things communication layer "sniper rifle"
The characteristics of the low-power wide-area network determine that the transmission frequency of the device data is very low, and the amount of data transmitted each time is very small, and the "sniper rifle" as the communication layer of the Internet of Things is like every sniper shooting. The bullets are as close as possible to the target of the gun, and the data transmitted each time is preferably the device-aware data that the user most needs. In my opinion, compared with the current popularity of the Internet of Things in the future through the "big data" to achieve value, the current stage of low-power wide-area network does not necessarily bring the so-called massive "big data", not to mention It is realized through "big data", but these small batches of data are needed by the user's direct business, which can be said to be "direct" user service contacts.
(1) "Big Data" and "Full Data"
Zhang Yuhong, a teacher at Henan University of Technology, pointed out in the article "Big data, small data, which is your dish". There are many misunderstandings in the industry about "big data". The "big" is not necessarily the bigger the better. On the contrary, it should be "full data" to some extent, and its volume is also determined according to the needs of data users. It may be that only a small number of bytes are needed for a specific requirement.
The amount of data brought by a low-power WAN does not reach the "big data" level that traditional misunderstandings consider, but it is likely to achieve the "full data" required for a certain business. For example, some companies have used the LoRa network solution to collect vibration and deformation sensor data for some railway bridge piers. For users, it is mainly to obtain the vibration data of the bridge pier when the train passes, and dozens of trains pass the railway every day. Bridge, you only need to obtain these dozens of data to meet the business needs, can be considered as the "full data" of this application, to achieve the purpose of bridge monitoring, and does not need 24 hours to collect the pier data in real time .
Of course, the linkage between a large number of businesses does require a lot of data to form some new applications and business models, but for a specific IoT device, it must first generate a small amount or even a small amount of data, that is, The Internet of Things is first of all small data, and then it can be aggregated into big data.
(2) Direct contact with the user's business
Currently, in low-power WAN-based applications, the data they acquire is based on the direct data required in the user's business model. Due to the low-frequency, small-package network transmission of low-frequency, small data packets, the number of uploads and the amount of data is relatively small. The data uploaded each time must be the data directly needed by the user's business. point".
Well-known consulting firm McKinsey once conducted an investigation on an offshore drilling platform and found that 30,000 sensors have been deployed on the platform, constantly generating various types of data, but more than 40% of all data are not stored, and the stored data A large number of them do not have any use, and only 1% of the data was used for analysis to form decision support. It can be said that there is very little data in this project that can directly reach the user's business contacts. Just like a submachine gun on a battlefield, a heavy machine gun shoots a large number of bullets but only a few hit targets.
Terminals or sensors that use low-power wide-area networks are deployed in harsh environments and difficult to collect. However, the data of these terminals and sensors is very important. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that each time the data is valid and useful. Business formation supports.
We can review the typical application areas of low-power wide-area networks, and find that the data reported in very low frequency in each application is the key data of the user's business, and the user's utilization rate is also high.
For example, ofo uses NB-IoT for data reporting. One of the important business models is to report data when the user locks after the completion of the ride, and to send the vehicle location information to the platform while in the non-use state. Information is the core data needed to share the fine management of bicycle operating enterprises. The location data of each vehicle when parking is useful to the platform; the utility uses NB-IoT meter reading data, which is the measurement of public utility enterprises. The direct basis of the charge; the flooding and smoke sensor based on the LoRa network does not report the data most of the time, but the alarm data reported every time of the emergency is the information that the user needs to know at the first time. The data transmitted by all these low-power wide-area networks, although it may not be able to support massive big data analysis, is the data directly needed by the user's normal business, which can be said to be the direct contact of the user's business contacts.
In the past two years, the commercialization of low-power wide-area networks has driven a new wave of Internet of Things, and has entered the stage of landing from the speculation curve. Although the policy factors have recently affected the unlicensed spectrum technology, the overall trend cannot reverse. To a certain extent, because it is a weapon of "sniper rifle" in the Internet of Things, low-power wide-area network allows IoT terminals and sensor data to directly reach the user's business contacts, bringing direct resources needed for users' production and operation. It has become an important factor in the development of low-power wide-area network catalytic Internet of Things.
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